Table 3.
Changes of gait ability.
| EMG-PTG (n = 21) |
TPTG (n = 20) |
Significance of Change Scores t(p) |
Effect Size | MDC(MDC%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal gait parameter | ||||||
| Velocity (cm/s) | Pre | 32.40 ± 16.41 | 33.71 ± 15.23 | |||
| Post | 39.66 ± 18.83 | 36.35 ± 16.75 | ||||
| Change Score | 7.26 ± 4.29 * | 2.64 ± 2.91 * | 4.018(0.000) | 1.26 | 2.56(35.71) | |
| Cadence (step/min) | Pre | 56.75 ± 14.36 | 57.73 ± 13.92 | |||
| Post | 63.94 ± 18.80 | 61.22 ± 17.52 | ||||
| Change Score | 7.18 ± 6.58 * | 3.49 ± 5.55 * | 1.936(0.060) | |||
| Stride time (s) | Pre | 2.34 ± 1.05 | 2.30 ± 1.07 | |||
| Post | 2.15 ± 1.11 | 2.22 ± 1.11 | ||||
| Change Score | −0.19 ± 0.22* | −0.08 ± 0.14 * | 2.005(0.052) | |||
| Affected side step time (s) |
Pre | 1.32 ± 0.54 | 1.32 ± 0.54 | |||
| Post | 1.17 ± 0.55 | 1.29 ± 0.55 | ||||
| Change Score | −0.15 ± 0.13 * | −0.03 ± 0.11 | 3.128(0.003) | 0.98 | 0.08(52.11) | |
| Unaffected side step time (s) |
Pre | 1.02 ± 0.52 | 0.98 ± 0.54 | |||
| Post | 0.98 ± 0.56 | 0.94 ± 0.59 | ||||
| Change Score | −0.04 ± 0.12 | −0.04 ± 0.10 | 0.184(0.855) | |||
| Affected side Single-limb support time (s) |
Pre | 0.41 ± 0.14 | 0.42 ± 0.14 | |||
| Post | 0.44 ± 0.14 | 0.41 ± 0.15 | ||||
| Change Score | 0.03 ± 0.05 * | −0.01 ± 0.07 | 2.568(0.014) | 0.80 | 0.03(88.80) | |
| Unaffected side Single-limb support time (s) |
Pre | 0.54 ± 0.13 | 0.58 ± 0.14 | |||
| Post | 0.54 ± 0.14 | 0.58 ± 0.16 | ||||
| Change Score | 0.00 ± 0.04 | 0.01 ± 0.07 | 0.112(0.912) | |||
| Double-limb support (%) | Pre | 55.82 ± 14.82 | 53.04 ± 13.73 | |||
| Post | 49.11 ± 16.27 | 51.63 ± 12.84 | ||||
| Change Score | −6.71 ± 3.32 * | −1.42 ± 2.98 * | 5.359(0.000) | 1.67 | 2.01(29.93) | |
| Spatial gait parameter | ||||||
| Stride length (cm) | Pre | 66.12 ± 22.79 | 68.43 ± 21.17 | |||
| Post | 72.10 ± 20.61 | 69.47 ± 19.12 | ||||
| Change Score | 5.98 ± 5.53 * | 1.04 ± 3.66 | 3.354(0.002) | 1.05 | 3.34(55.88) | |
| Affected side Step length (cm) |
Pre | 35.52 ± 13.51 | 36.45 ± 12.79 | |||
| Post | 38.37 ± 12.24 | 36.26 ± 10.90 | ||||
| Change Score | 2.86 ± 2.76 * | −0.19 ± 3.88 | 2.913(0.006) | 0.91 | 1.67(58.38) | |
| Unaffected side Step length (cm) |
Pre | 30.60 ± 9.57 | 31.97 ± 8.70 | |||
| Post | 33.73 ± 8.90 | 33.21 ± 8.70 | ||||
| Change Score | 3.12 ± 3.50 * | 1.24 ± 2.08* | 2.084(0.044) | 0.65 | 2.12(67.84) | |
| Symmetry of gait | ||||||
| Gait symmetry on step length (score) | Pre | 0.20 ± 0.09 | 0.18 ± 0.10 | |||
| Post | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.18 ± 0.17 | ||||
| Change Score | −0.04 ± 0.08 * | 0.00 ± 0.17 | 0.963(0.341) | |||
| Gait symmetry on step time (score) | Pre | 0.34 ± 0.18 | 0.41 ± 0.27 | |||
| Post | 0.24 ± 0.12 | 0.50 ± 0.45 | ||||
| Change Score | −0.10 ± 0.16 * | 0.09 ± 0.25 | 2.971(0.005) | 0.93 | 0.10(91.13) | |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. * means significant difference within group. EMG-PTG, electromyography-triggered pedaling training group; TPTG, traditional pedaling training group; MDC, minimal detectable change.