Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 7;14(2):280. doi: 10.3390/cancers14020280

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Cancer metabolism. Intercellular communication is facilitated by gap and tight junctions, but also by nanotubes, exosomes, and interleukins. Cancer cell metabolism mainly uses glucose through the Warburg effect, which increases acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Acidosis triggers several mechanisms for tumor survival. Under hypoxia conditions, the cancer cell can restart the oxidation chain (TCA cycle; Krebs cycle, ETC; electron transport chain) in several ways (e.g., reverse Warburg effect, mitochondrial transfer). Hypoxia promotes the formation of ROS, which play, depending on their concentration, a variety of roles in tumor progression (positive and negative). Created with BioRender.com (accessed on 2 January 2021).