Table 1.
Summary of clinical trials of rTMS for AUD.
| Reference | N (Active, Control) | Frequency | # Sessions | Pulses/Session | Site | Coil | Clinical Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mishra (2010) [51] | 30, 15 | 10 Hz | 10 | 1000 | R DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | Decrease craving compared to sham |
| Höppner (2011) [59] | 10, 9 | 20 Hz | 10 | 1000 | L DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | No difference in craving or depressive symptoms compared to sham |
| Herremans (2012) [52] | 15, 16 | 20 Hz | 1 | 1560 | R DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | No difference in craving compared to sham |
| Herremans (2013) [53] | 29, 29 | 20 Hz | 2 | 1560 | R DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | No difference on craving compared to sham |
| Ceccanti (2015) [62] | 9, 9 | 20 Hz | 10 | 1000 | BL MPFC | H-Coil | Decrease in craving and consumption compared to sham |
| Girardi (2015) [63] | 10, 10 | 20 Hz | 20 | 2200 | Medial and Lateral PFC L > R | H-coil | Craving scores and depressive symptoms reduced compared to control group |
| Herremans (2015) [56] | 26 | 20 Hz | 15 | 1560 | R DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | General craving, but not cue induced craving, decreased |
| Mishra (2015) [61] | 20 | 10 Hz | 10 | 1000 | R v. L DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | Reduction in craving, no difference between R and L DLPFC |
| Rapinesi (2015) [64] | 13 | 18 Hz | 20 | 1980 | DLPFC L > R | H-coil | Reduction in craving and depressive symptoms |
| Del Felice (2016) [60] | 8, 9 | 10 Hz | 4 | 1000 | L DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | No changes in craving and number of drinks |
| Addolorato (2017) [65] | 5, 6 | 10 Hz | 12 | 1000 | L > R DLPFC | H-coil | Decreased number of drinking days compared to sham, no differences in cravings |
| Hanlon (2017) [66] | 24, 24 | cTBS | 1 | 3600 | VMPFC | Figure-of-8 | No differences in craving compared to sham |
| Kearney-Ramos (2018) [67] | 24, 24 | cTBS | 1 | 3600 | VMPFC | Figure-of-8 | No change in craving compared to sham |
| McNeill (2018) [58] | 20 | cTBS | 1 | 600 | R DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | Ad libitum alcohol consumption in lab increased |
| Jansen (2019) [55] | 39, 36 | 10 Hz | 1 | 3000 | R DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | No difference in craving compared to sham |
| Schluter (2019) [68] | 41, 41 | 10 Hz | 10 | 3000 | R DLPFC | Figure-of-8 | No difference in impulsivity and inhibitory control compared to sham |
| Perini (2020) [69] | 29, 27 | 10 Hz | 15 | 1500 | Insula | H-coil | No difference in craving and consumption compared to sham |
R, right; L, left; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; cTBS, continuous theta burst stimulation.