Table 2.
Summary of risk-of-bias assessment.
| Study | Study Participation | Study Attrition | Predictors | Outcome | Statistical Analysis and Cofounding | Performance of Prediction Tool | Overall Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartels, 2007 [19] | L | H | M | L | L | M | M |
| Braun, 2011 [20] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Brunello, 2016 [21] | L | H | L | L | M | M | M |
| Cesari, 2013 [22] | L | H | L | L | M | M | M |
| Chen, 2019 [23] | L | M | L | L | H | n/a | M |
| Chow, 2008 [24] | L | H | L | M | M | L | M |
| Collette, 2004 [25] | M | H | L | L | L | M | M |
| Collins, 2014 [26] | L | M | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Contreras-Bolívar, 2019 [27] |
L | M | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Deans, 2007 [28] | L | M | L | L | L | M | L |
| Dharma-Wardene, 2004 [29] |
L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Efficace, 2006 [30] | L | H | M | L | L | n/a | M |
| Ferrigno, 2001 [31] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Fielding, 2007 [32] | L | H | L | L | L | M | M |
| Filippini, 2008 [33] | L | M | M | L | L | n/a | L |
| Gagnon, 2013 [34] | L | H | L | M | L | L | M |
| Geraci, 2006 [35] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Giantin, 2013 [36] | L | H | L | L | L | M | M |
| Griguolo, 2018 [37] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Gripp, 2007 [38] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Gupta, 2004 [39] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Gupta, 2009 [40] | L | M | L | L | M | n/a | L |
| Hoang, 2005 [41] | L | H | M | L | L | H | H |
| Hong, 2016 [42] | L | H | L | L | M | M | M |
| Hosono, 2005 [43] | M | H | M | L | M | n/a | H |
| Hui, 2014 [44] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Hui, 2016 [45] | L | H | L | L | H | M | H |
| Iversen, 2009 [46] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Jang, 2014 [47] | L | H | L | L | H | M | H |
| Jonna, 2016 [48] | L | H | M | L | L | M | M |
| Katagiri, 2005 [49] | L | H | M | L | M | n/a | M |
| Kilgour, 2013 [50] | L | L | L | L | M | n/a | L |
| Kim, 2009 [51] | L | H | M | L | M | M | H |
| Kinoshita, 2012 [52] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Langendijk, 2000 [53] | L | H | L | M | M | n/a | M |
| Liljehult, 2017 [54] | M | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Limquiaco, 2009 [55] | L | H | L | L | L | M | M |
| Lund, 2009 [56] | L | M | L | L | H | n/a | M |
| Maione, 2005 [57] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Marrero, 2005 [58] | L | M | M | L | M | n/a | M |
| Martin, 2010 [59] | L | H | L | L | L | L | L |
| Moroni, 2014 [60] | L | H | L | L | L | M | M |
| Moss, 2010 [61] | L | H | L | L | L | M | M |
| Motzer, 2004 [62] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Norman, 2010 [63] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Orskov, 2016 [64] | L | M | L | L | M | n/a | L |
| Park, 2016 [65] | L | H | L | M | L | M | M |
| Penel, 2008 [66] | L | H | M | L | M | M | H |
| Penel, 2008 [67] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Pinato, 2015 [68] | L | H | M | L | L | L | M |
| Pointillart, 2011 [69] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Roychowdhury, 2003 [70] |
L | H | L | M | M | n/a | M |
| Rydzek, 2015 [71] | L | H | L | M | M | n/a | M |
| Schoenfeld, 2020 [72] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Scott, 2002 [73] | L | L | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Seow, 2013 [74] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Shen, 2007 [75] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Soubeyran, 2012 [76] | L | H | L | L | H | n/a | M |
| Sutradhar, 2014 [77] | L | H | M | L | L | M | M |
| Suzuki, 2020 [78] | L | H | M | L | L | n/a | M |
| Tripodoro, 2019 [80] | L | H | L | L | M | n/a | M |
| Tsai, 2014 [79] | L | M | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Ueno, 2000 [81] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| van der Linden, 2005 [82] |
L | M | L | L | M | n/a | L |
| Vigano, 2000 [83] | L | M | L | L | L | n/a | L |
| Villa, 2011 [84] | L | M | M | L | L | M | M |
| Wei, 2019 [85] | L | M | M | M | M | n/a | M |
| Yamashita, 2011 [86] | L | H | L | L | L | n/a | L |
H: high risk-of-bias; L: low risk-of-bias; M: moderate risk-of-bias; n/a: not applicable.