Table 3.
Summary of the prediction models.
| Variables | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | FU | N | Name Model | Cancer Type | Performance Status | Cancer Treatment | Sex | Laboratory Results | Metastases | Disease Stage | Age | Cognitive Impairment | Dietary Intake | Weight Change | Body Mass Index | Surprise Question | Comorbidity | (Re)hospitalization | Other | Discriminative Ability | Calibration | External Validation |
| Bartels, 2007 [19] | 10 | 219 | n/a | * | * | * | * | * | c-statistic 0.72 (95% CI 0.68–0.77) |
n/a | n/a | |||||||||||
| Brunello, 2016 [21] | 12 | 658 | Onco-MPI | * | * * |
* | * | * | * | * | * * * |
c-statistic 0.869 (95% CI 0.841–0.897) |
Good | n/a | ||||||||
| Cesari [22] | 12 | 200 | IADL | * | AUC 0.676 (95% CI 0.532–0.821) |
n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| SPPB | * | AUC 0.638 (95% CI 0.483–0.792) |
n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||
| UGS | * | AUC 0.686 (95% CI 0.560–0.812) |
n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chow, 2008 [24] | 12 | 395 | n/a | * | * | * | c-statistic 0.66 | n/a |
N = 467 c-statistic 0.63 |
|||||||||||||
| Deans, 2007 [28] | 24 | 220 | u/a | * | * | * | * | AUC 0.85 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||
| Giantin, 2013 [36] | 12 | 160 | MPI | * | * | * | * * * |
AUC 0.874 (95% CI 0.819–0.928) |
n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||
| Jang, 2014 [47] | n/a | 1655 | KPS | * | c-statistic 0.63 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| PPS | * | c-statistic 0.63 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||
| ECOG | * | c-statistic 0.64 | n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||||||
| Jonna, 2016 [48] | 12 | 803 | n/a | * | * | * | * | * | * * |
* | c-statistic 0.66 (95% CI 0.58–0.72) |
n/a | n/a | |||||||||
| Martin, 2010 [59] | 3.1 | 1164 | PG-SGA | * | * | * | * | * | c-statistics 0.88 (95% CI 0.83–0.91) |
n/a |
N = 603 c-statistic 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.92) |
|||||||||||
| Moroni, 2014 [60] | 12 | 231 | Surprise question | * | Se 69.3 (95% CI 60.5–77.2)/ Sp 83.6 (95% CI 75.1–90.2)/ PPV = 83.8 (95% CI 75.3–90.3)/ NPV = 69.0 (95% CI 60.2–77.0) |
n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| Moss, 2010 [61] | 12 | 826 | Surprise question | * | Se 75/Sp 90/PPV 41/NPV 97 | n/a | n/a | |||||||||||||||
| Penel, 2008 [66] | 3 | 119 | * | * * * |
* * * |
Se 0.21–0.89/Sp 0.33–0.96/ Positive LR 0.40–0.78/ Negative LR 0.72–0.85/ |
n/a | n/a | ||||||||||||||
| Sutradhar, 2014 [77] | 19.3 | 66,112 | n/a | * | * | * | * | * | c-statistic 0.764–0.872 (95% CI 0.758–0.878) |
n/a | n/a | |||||||||||
ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; FU: follow-up; KPS: IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; Karnofsky Performance Status; LR: likelihood ratio; MPI: multidimensional prognostic index; n/a: not available; NPV: negative predictive value; Onco-MPI: Oncological-multidimensional prognostic index; PG-SGA: Patient-generated Subjective Global Assessment; PPS: Palliative Performance Scale; PPV: positive predictive value; Se: sensitivity; Sp: specificity; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; UGS: usual gait speed. Legend: an asterisk represents the presence of the variable, whereby two or more asterisks per variable represent different subcategories.