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. 2022 Jan 1;12(1):73. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12010073

Table 2.

Summary of the studies that found atypical and typical eye movement parameters in dyslexics.

Eye Movement Parameter in Dyslexics Dyslexics > Non-Dyslexics Dyslexics = Non-Dyslexics
Study Type of the task Study Type of the task
RT: reading task; RT: reading task;
NRT: Non-reading task; NRT: Non-reading task;
BOTH: both reading and non-reading task BOTH: both reading and non-reading task
Number and amplitude of prosaccades De Luca et al. [46] BOTH (atypical EM only during the reading task) Brown [47] NRT
Eden et al. [48] NRT Olson et al. [49] BOTH
Martos and Vila [50] BOTH (atypical EM associated with text difficulty) Black et al. [51] NRT
Fischer et al. [52] NRT Pirozzolo and Rayner [53] RT (normal EM when given a text appropriate to their reading level)
Rayner [54] RT
Biscaldi et al. [55] NRT
Biscaldi et al. [56] NRT
Number and amplitude of backward saccades Martos and Vila [50] BOTH (atypical EM associated with text difficulty) Olson et al. [49] BOTH
Zangwill and Blakemore [57] RT Black et al. [51] NRT
Pavlidis [58] NRT Pirozzolo and Rayner [53] RT (normal EM when given a text appropriate to their reading level)
Pavlidis [59] NRT Stanley et al. [60] NRT
Number and duration of fixations De Luca et al. [46] BOTH (atypical EM only during the reading task) Olson et al. [49] BOTH (similar EM only during the non-reading task)
Eden et al. [48] NRT Hyona and Olson [61] RT
Martos and Vila [50] BOTH (atypical EM associated with text difficulty) Pirozzolo and Rayner [53] RT (normal EM when given a text appropriate to their reading level)
Rayner [54] RT
Hutzler and Wimmer [62] RT
Li et al. [63] NRT
Adler-Grinberg and Stark [64] BOTH
Bucci [65] RT
Hatzidaki et al. [66] BOTH (atypical EM only during the reading task)
Poor binocular coordination Bucci [65] RT
Jainta and Kapoula [67] RT
Tiadi et al. [68] NRT
Bucci et al. [69] BOTH (atypical eye movements during both tasks)
Bucci et al. [70] BOTH (atypical eye movements during both tasks)
Kirkby et al. [71] BOTH (atypical eye movements only during the reading task)
Trauzettel-Klosinski et al. [72] BOTH (atypical eye movements only during the reading task)