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Positive feedback between vascular injury and HIF signaling during inflammatory lung injury. Pulmonary vascular injury leads to local conditions of hypoxia, which in turn leads to stabilization of HIF-1 and HIF-2 in multiple cell types of the lung. Downstream targets of HIF-1 and HIF-2 include anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the latter of which exacerbate inflammatory lung injury, creating a positive feedback loop.
