Table 3.
Crude and adjusted Odds ratios (aOR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) from logistic regression models exploring the association of Overweight with diet-related behaviours and habits among 3816 participants in the 2018 Greek arm of the HBSC study *.
| ALL n = 3816 | Crude Model | Fully Adjusted Model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | aOR (95% CI) | p-Value |
| Eating breakfast on weekdays | ||||
| Never | 1.35 (1.14–1.59) | 0.001 | 1.30 (1.07–1.57) | 0.007 |
| 1–4 days | 1.06 (0.87–1.28) | 0.565 | 1.04 (0.85–1.28) | 0.701 |
| Always (5 days) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Family meals | ||||
| Every day | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Almost every day | 0.90 (0.76–1.08) | 0.257 | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | 0.765 |
| Rarely | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 0.113 | 1.22 (0.96–1.54) | 0.098 |
| Total score for behaviour of eating | ||||
| snacks/meals in front of screens (TV/PC/tablet) | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | 0103 | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.469 |
| Eating in fast-food restaurants | ||||
| Never | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Less than once/month | 1.14 (0.82–1.60) | 0.430 | 1.29 (0.87–1.89) | 0.203 |
| 1–3 days/month | 0.96 (0.69–1.35) | 0.831 | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) | 0.751 |
| Weekly | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) | 0.826 | 1.02 (0.67–1.57) | 0.918 |
| Fruits intake | ||||
| Less than once/week | 1.31 (0.96–1.78) | 0.088 | 1.17 (0.83–1.65) | 0.356 |
| 1–4 days/week | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 0.075 | 1.09 (0.89–1.33) | 0.413 |
| 5–6 days/week | 1.00 (0.81–1.24) | 0.987 | 0.93 (0.74–1.18) | 0.564 |
| Every day | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Vegetables intake | ||||
| Less than once/week | 1.23 (0.95–1.59) | 0.110 | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | 0.554 |
| 1–4 days/week | 1.18 (0.90–1.31) | 0.364 | 0.98 (0.80–1.21) | 0.846 |
| 5–6 days/week | 0.97 (0.79–1.20) | 0.810 | 0.96 (0.77–1.19) | 0.681 |
| Every day | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |
| Sweets intake | ||||
| Less than once/week | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1–4 days/week | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.245 | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | 0.873 |
| 5–6 days/week | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 0.270 | 1.12 (0.82–1.54) | 0.473 |
| Every day | 0.68 (0.52–0.90) | 0.008 | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.312 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage intake | ||||
| Less than once/week | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1–4 days/week | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 0.022 | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 0.416 |
| >5 days/week | 1.29 (0.98–1.70) | 0.071 | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) | 0.316 |
| Being on a diet or doing something else to lose weight | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 3.33 (2.77–4.00) | <0.001 | 4.47 (3.68–5.43) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Boys | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Girls | 0.48 (0.41–0. 57) | <0.001 | 0.35 (0.29-0.42) | <0.001 |
| Age group | ||||
| 11-year-olds | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 13-year-olds | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 0.186 | 0.78 (0.63-0.97) | 0.024 |
| 15-year-olds | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | 0.009 | 0.62 (0.50-0.77) | <0.001 |
| Family Affluence Scale (FAS) | ||||
| Low 20% affluence | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Middle 60% affluence | 0.61 (0.50–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.61 (0.48-0.77) | <0.001 |
| High 20% affluence | 0.55 (0.42–0.71) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.43-0.76) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity (past 7 days) | ||||
| 0–1 days | 1.83 (1.40–2.38) | <0.001 | 2.53 (1.88-3.40) | <0.001 |
| 2–3 days | 1.59 (1.29–1.97) | <0.001 | 1.98 (1.58-2.49) | <0.001 |
| 4–5 days | 1.24 (0.99–1.54) | 0.057 | 1.37 (1.08-1.73) | 0.010 |
| 6–7 days | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Abbreviations: HBSC study, Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. * Based on imputed data. Crude model: univariate model. Fully adjusted model: included all diet-related behaviours and dietary variables simultaneously adjusted for sociodemographic variables (sex, age category, FAS), physical activity and dieting.