Table 1.
Monoclonal antibodies used or under investigation for the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis (RCT randomized controlled trial, AE autoimmune encephalitis, anti-NMDAR anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, anti-LGI1 anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1, anti-CASPR2 anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2, anti-GAD65 anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65)
| AE subtype | Evidence | |
|---|---|---|
| B cells | ||
| Rituximab | Anti-NMDAR | Prospective multi-center cohort study [15], observational cohort [22], meta-analysis [23] |
| Anti-LGI1, anti-CASPR2, anti-GAD65 | Observational cohorts [8, 20, 22, 24] | |
| Ocrelizumab | AE (no antibody specified) | Ongoing RCT (NCT03835728) |
| Inebulizumab | Anti-NMDAR | Ongoing RCT (NCT04372615) |
| Daratumumab |
Anti-NMDAR Anti-CASPR2 |
Case report [25] Case report [26] |
| IL-6 | ||
| Tocilizumab |
Anti-CASPR2 AE (no antibody specified) |
Case report [27] Observational cohort [28], prospective single-center cohort study [29] |
| Satralizumab | – | Phase 2b trial pending |
| Neonatal Fc receptor | ||
| Rozanolixizumab | Anti-LGI1 | Ongoing RCT (NCT04875975) |
| Efgartigimod | – | – |
| Complement cascade | ||
| Eculizumab | – | – |