Table 4.

Likelihood of Adults Without Children Supporting Youth Sports Participation^a

	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Predictors	All Contact Sports	Football	Ice Hockey	Soccer
Adult age	0.95 (0.94, 0.97)c	0.98 (0.97, 0.98)c	0.97 (0.96, 0.97)c	0.95 (0.94, 0.96)c
Adult gender
Male	Referent
Female	0.88 (0.60, 1.29)	1.29 (1.12, 1.49)c	1.19 (1.04, 1.37)d	0.89 (0.72, 1.11)
Adult education
High school or other	Referent
Bachelor's	1.51 (0.90, 2.52)	0.54 (0.43, 0.68)c	0.70 (0.54, 0.90)e	1.34 (0.97, 1.86)
Master's	1.37 (0.79, 2.38)	0.39 (0.31, 0.50)c	0.55 (0.43, 0.72)c	1.31 (0.93, 1.85)
Terminal	1.12 (0.59, 2.11)	0.29 (0.22, 0.38)c	0.37 (0.28, 0.50)c	0.82 (0.56, 1.20)
Medical practitioner?
No	Referent
Yes	2.38 (1.16, 4.90)d	0.93 (0.77, 1.12)	1.14 (0.94, 1.39)	1.29 (0.94, 1.77)
Previous sport participation?b
No	Referent
Yes	1.71 (0.95, 3.09)	3.27 (2.14, 4.87)c	4.26 (2.23, 8.17)c	2.29 (1.48, 3.54)c
Total no. concussions	0.93 (0.84,1.04)	1.06 (1.02, 1.11)e	1.05 (0.99, 1.11)	0.98 (0.93, 1.04)
Concussion confidence	1.01 (1.00, 1.01)	1.00 (0.99, 1.00)	1.01 (1.01, 1.02)d	0.99 (0.99, 1.00)
Hypothetical child gender
Male	Referent
Female	0.94 (0.67, 1.33)	0.80 (0.71, 0.91)c	0.90 (0.80, 1.03)	0.92 (0.75, 1.11)

^aAdjusted odds ratios calculated via multivariate binary logistic regression with between-adults clustering for adults without children.

^bPrevious adult sport participation for the respective column (eg, previous adult participation in football).

^cP < .001.

^dP < .05.

^dP < .01.