Table 1.
Demographic and clinical parameters of the total sample and by diagnostic group.
| Total Group|(n = 117) | CNI (n = 54) | MCI (n = 63) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p | Cohen’s d | |
| Age (years) | 74.0 | 7.4 | 72.3 | 7.6 | 75.6 | 7.0 | 0.005 | 0.45 |
| Education (years) | 5.1 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 0.19 |
| Gender (%) | 0.3 | 0.18 | ||||||
| Men | 36.3 | - | 40.7 | 28.6 | ||||
| Women | 63.7 | - | 59.3 | 71.4 | ||||
| MMSE | 24.9 | 3.6 | 27.0 | 2.8 | 22.9 | 2.8 | <0.001 | 1.19 |
| GDS | 3.5 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 0.008 | 0.50 |
| HADS-Anxiety | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 0.25 |
| Depression (%) | 27.4 | - | 11.1 | - | 39.7 | - | 0.001 | 0.65 |
| Psychotropic medication (%) | 31.9 | - | 24.2 | - | 44.2 | - | 0.011 | 0.53 |
| Benzodiazepine use (%) | 8.8 | - | 9.7 | - | 8.2 | - | 0.9 | 0.11 |
| BMI | 30.0 | 4.8 | 30.5 | 4.9 | 29.3 | 4.5 | 0.06 | 0.26 |
MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. ΒΜΙ: body mass index, CNI: cognitively non-impaired, MCI: mild cognitive impairment. Note: Corresponding values for the combined, total sample of CNI and MCI participants in the Cretan Aging cohort (n = 377, Mean age = 75.4, SD = 7.3) are as follows. MMSE: Mean = 24.5, SD = 3.5; GDS: Mean = 3.7, SD = 3.5; HADS-Anxiety: Mean = 3.0, SD = 3.4; BMI: Mean = 30.1, SD = 4.7. Total CNI group; MMSE: Mean = 26.4 (SD = 3.1); GDS: Mean = 3.1 (SD = 3.2); HADS-Anxiety: Mean = 2.9 (SD = 3.6); BMI: Mean = 30.5 (4.7). Total MCI group; MMSE: Mean = 22.3 (SD = 2.6); GDS: Mean = 4.3 (SD = 3.5); HADS-Anxiety: Mean = 3.3 (3.2); BMI: Mean = 29.9 (SD = 4.6).