. 2022 Jan 13;19(2):870. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020870

Table 7.

The relationship between heart rate variability and pain assessment using NIPS.

Pain Assessment NIPS	The Difference between Peak and Initial Heart Rate	p
0–3 points—no pain	17.5 ± 11.7 ⁽¹⁾ 17.0 ⁽²⁾ 0.0–49.0 ⁽³⁾	0.01 *
4–5 points—moderate pain	29.5 ± 13.7 ⁽¹⁾ 28.0 ⁽²⁾ 11.0–49.0 ⁽³⁾
6–7 points—severe pain	40.6 ± 15.1 ⁽¹⁾ 36.0 ⁽²⁾ 15.0–70.0 ⁽³⁾

* statistically significant differences p < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test ⁽¹⁾ mean ± standard deviation, ⁽²⁾ median, ⁽³⁾ range.