AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
bHLH-PAS	basic helix-loop-helix PER-ARNT-SIM
BMAL1/ARNTL	brain and muscle ARNT-like 1/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like
CamK	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate;
CKI	casein kinases
CLOCK	clock circadian regulator/circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput
CPAP	continuous positive airway pressure treatment
CREB	phosphorylate cAMP-responsive element-binding protein
Cry2	cryptochrome 2
CVD	cardio-vascular disease
DBP	albumin d-element binding protein
E4BP4	E4 binding protein 4
E-box	enhancer box; GSK3β—Glycogen synthase kinase 3β
HIF	hypoxia inducible factor
HMG-CoA	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase
HRE	hypoxia response element
IH	intermittent hypoxia
LDHA	lactate dehydrogenase A
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinases
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase
NMDAR	N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors
NPAS2	neuronal PAS domain protein 2
OSA	obstructive sleep apnea
PACAP	pituitary adenylate cyclase—activating polypeptide
PER1	period protein 1
PER2	period protein 2
PER3	period protein 3
PHD3	prolyl hydroxylase 3
PKA	protein kinase A
PP1	protein phosphatase 1
PP5	protein phosphatase 5
REV-ERBα	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1
ROR	RAR-related orphan receptor
RORE	ROR response elements
RORα	Nuclear retinoid-related orphan receptors α
SCF-Fbxl3	E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
E3	ubiquitin ligase complex
SCN	suprachiasmatic nucleus
T2DM	diabetes mellitus type 2
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor