Table 2.
Daily GHGE per 2000 kcal by cooking frequency and fast-food frequency, NHANES 2007–2010.
| Model 1: Unadjusted |
Model 2: Age & Sex Adjusted |
Model 3: Multivariable Adjusted for Socio-Demographics |
Model 4: Multivariable Adjusted for Socio-Demographics and Food Behaviors |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. (SE) |
p-Value | p-Trend | Coef. (SE) |
p-Value | p-Trend | Coef. (SE) | p-Value | p-Trend | Coef. (SE) | p-Value | p-Trend | |
| Cooking frequency | ||||||||||||
| 0–2 times/week | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | ||||||||
| 3–4 times/week | 0.030 (0.033) | 0.379 | 0.015 | 0.032 (0.033) |
0.346 | 0.021 | 0.030 (0.033) |
0.371 | 0.030 | 0.032 (0.035) |
0.360 | 0.039 |
| 5–6 times/week | 0.058 (0.022) | 0.014 | 0.059 (0.022) |
0.012 | 0.058 (0.023) |
0.018 | 0.059 (0.027) |
0.038 | ||||
| 7 times/week | 0.061 (0.025) | 0.020 | 0.060 (0.025) |
0.025 | 0.057 (0.027) |
0.042 | 0.055 (0.029) | 0.064 | ||||
| Fast-food consumption | ||||||||||||
| 0 times/week | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | [ref] | ||||||||
| 1 time/week | −0.043 (0.023) |
0.075 | 0.863 | −0.039 (0.025) | 0.128 | 0.789 | −0.040 (0.026) | 0.138 | 0.719 | −0.036 (0.026) | 0.172 | 0.761 |
| 2–4 times/week | −0.015 (0.020) |
0.445 | −0.014 (0.023) | 0.559 | −0.016 (0.024) | 0.515 | −0.006 (0.023) | 0.792 | ||||
| ≥5 times/week | 0.010 (0.026) | 0.694 | 0.003 | 0.915 | 0.000 (0.029) | 0.997 | 0.019 (0.029) | 0.518 | ||||
Note: Separate GLM models with gamma family and log link (Models 1–3). Multivariable adjusted Model 3 controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, employment status, and household size. Model 4 controlled for Model 3 covariates and cooking frequency, fast-food frequency, percent of total calories consumed at home, ready-to-eat meals, and frozen meals/pizzas. [ref] refers to the reference group. Significant p-values (<0.05) are bolded.