Figure 1.

Role of neuroinflammation and dementia. The presence of coexisting neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and exposure to neurotoxic stimulus causes increased chemokines and NLRP3 activation that eventually leads to neuroinflammation. Moreover, neurotoxic stimulus also induces neuroinflammation via modulation of MAPKs, Akt/PI3K, mTOR, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, these neurological disorders cause a dysfunctional release of neurotransmitters that further interferes with the function of CREB, BDNF, LTP, etc., and causes dementia.