Table 2.
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | Q10 | Q25 | Q50 | Q75 | Q90 | |
Explanatory variable | ||||||
Family socioeconomic status | −0.05 *** | −0.041 *** | −0.058 *** | −0.058 *** | −0.055 *** | −0.067 *** |
(0.009) | (0.008) | (0.007) | (0.009) | (0.012) | (0.017) | |
Control variables | ||||||
Gender | −0.030 *** | −0.017 *** | −0.023 *** | −0.028 *** | −0.032 *** | −0.039 *** |
(Female) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.005) |
Age | 0.006 *** | 0.003 *** | 0.004 *** | 0.00 6*** | 0.007*** | 0.008 *** |
(0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
Marital status | −0.012 *** | 0.001 | −0.004 | −0.015 *** | −0.021 *** | −0.022 *** |
(Without spouse) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.006) | (0.008) |
Residential area | 0.007 ** | 0.002 | 0.006 * | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.013 ** |
(Rural) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.006) |
Living with family members | 0.031 *** | 0.012 *** | 0.018 ** | 0.031 *** | 0.037 *** | 0.040 *** |
(No) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.009) |
Living in an institution | 0.106 *** | 0.044 *** | 0.058 *** | 0.100 *** | 0.145 *** | 0.173 *** |
(No) | (0.010) | (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.019) | (0.018) | (0.027) |
Number of surviving children | −0.002 ** | −0.002 ** | −0.002 ** | −0.003 *** | −0.002 | 0.001 |
(0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.002) | |
Old-age insurance | −0.001 | −0.002 | 0.000 | −0.003 | −0.005 | 0.004 |
(Do not have) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.006) |
Medical insurance | −0.012 *** | −0.002 | −0.006 | −0.014 ** | −0.013 ** | −0.013 |
(Do not have) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.010) |
Constant | −0.260 *** | −0.148 *** | −0.192 *** | −0.264 *** | −0.317 *** | −0.290 *** |
(0.014) | (0.017) | (0.013) | (0.014) | (0.022) | (0.027) | |
R2/Pseudo R2 | 0.310 | 0.081 | 0.126 | 0.196 | 0.234 | 0.207 |
The robust standard errors are in parentheses in Model 1, and the statistic for measuring goodness-of-fit is R2. The bootstrap standard errors are in parentheses in Models 2–6, with a sample size of 100, and the statistic for measuring goodness-of-fit is Pseudo R2. * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.