Figure 3.

The osteoinductive potency of the GelMA-LAP hydrogel. (A) Schematic representation of functional assessments. (B) The metabolic activity of hBMSCs within GelMA containing 0, 1 or 2wt% LAP. The effect of LAP and EV loading on hBMSCs (C) ALP activity and (D,E) calcium deposition within the GelMA hydrogel following 2 weeks osteoinductive culture. Black staining indicates mineral nodules. Scale bar = 100 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01 and *** p ≤ 0.001.