Table 4.

Results from models examining the associations between school uniforms and students’ self-reported outcomes in fifth grade

	Student outcome in fifth grade
Model specification	School belonging	Experiences of bullying	Social anxiety
Covariate adjusted model	−0.16 *** (0.05)	0.08 (0.04)	0.03 (0.04)
State fixed effects model	−0.18 *** (0.05)	0.09 * (0.05)	0.04 (0.05)
County fixed effects model	−0.19 *** (0.05)	0.09 (0.05)	0.05 (0.05)
Propensity score model	−0.12 ** (0.04)	0.05 (0.04)	0.03 (0.04)

Note. Coefficients in bold were statistically significant at p < .05 with a Benjamini false discovery adjustment. All estimates are weighted and account for the complex sampling design. Models include a full set of controls. All continuous predictors and outcomes have been standardized to have a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1 and, thus, coefficients can be interpreted as effect sizes. Estimates in brackets correspond to standard errors.

^***p < .001;

^**p < .01;

^*p < .05.