Table 4.
Academic competence in the total sample and differences between genders.
| Academic Competence 1 | Total Sample (n = 1520) | Females (n = 789) | Males (n = 731) | p-Value 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Overall academic performance | 3.80 (1.09) | 3.98 (1.00) | 3.64 (1.13) | <0.001 |
| Reading performance | 3.84 (1.15) | 4.13 (0.99) | 3.54 (1.23) | <0.001 |
| Mathematics performance | 3.75 (1.10) | 3.82 (1.05) | 3.70 (1.14) | 0.034 |
| Reading skills | 3.86 (1.12) | 4.12 (0.99) | 3.58 (1.20) | <0.001 |
| Mathematics skills | 3.78 (1.08) | 3.83 (1.04) | 3.73 (1.12) | 0.059 |
| Overall motivation for school success | 3.89 (1.06) | 4.12 (0.94) | 3.66 (1.12) | <0.001 |
| Parental encouragement | 4.06 (0.99) | 4.20 (0.93) | 3.93 (1.04) | <0.001 |
| Intellectual functioning | 3.87 (1.05) | 3.99 (0.99) | 3.75 (1.09) | <0.001 |
| Overall classroom behavior | 3.92 (1.04) | 4.19 (0.90) | 3.65 (1.11) | <0.001 |
| Academic competence total score | 34.76 (8.57) | 36.39 (7.76) | 33.17 (9.02) | <0.001 |
1 Measured using the SSRS test (teacher form) [36] on a 5-point scale based on the position of the student’s academic achievement in a class: 1 = the lowest 10%, 2 = the next-lowest 20%, 3 = the middle 40%, 4 = the next-highest 20%, and 5 = the highest 10% of students in the class. 2 t-test for independent samples.