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. 2022 Jan 6;23(2):589. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020589

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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G9a knockdown facilitates Smad protein phosphorylation via BMP5 activation. (A,B) G9a-knockdown-induced increase in BMP5 expression had no effect on the total level of either Smad1 or Smad5. G9a knockdown increased phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9. (C) ICC demonstrated that nuclear translocation of pSmad1/5/9 was increased in G9a-depleted MCF7 cells. (D) Similar tendency was found after treatment of recombinant BMP5. p values were calculated using ANOVA. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001, ns = not significant.