. 2022 Jan 6;19(2):626. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020626

Table 3.

Distribution of concentrations of environmental chemicals for the KoNEHS Cycle 3 (2015–2017). Units for all chemicals are in μg·L⁻¹, except for lead, which is expressed as μg·dL⁻¹.

	Age	N	%<LOD	AM	GM	(95% CI ^a)	P25	P50	P75	P95
Whole Blood
Metals
Lead (ug·dL⁻¹)	12–18	912	2.74	0.883	0.802	(0.754, 0.853)	0.611	0.834	1.10	1.52
	≥19	3747	0.1	1.79	1.60	(1.56, 1.65)	1.20	1.60	2.20	3.36
Mercury (total)	12–18	912	0	1.56	1.37	(1.30, 1.43)	1.00	1.35	1.84	3.02
	≥19	3745	0	3.50	2.75	(2.63, 2.88)	1.75	2.71	4.15	8.81
Spot Urine
Metals
Mercury (total)	3–5	571	2.10	0.565	0.422	(0.371, 0.479)	0.257	0.396	0.693	1.30
	6–11	887	1.24	0.581	0.394	(0.370, 0.418)	0.267	0.373	0.562	1.09
	12–18	906	3.31	0.577	0.413	(0.374, 0.457)	0.246	0.421	0.680	1.39
	≥19	3780	6.1	0.518	0.355	(0.335, 0.376)	0.196	0.339	0.616	1.42
Cadmium	3–5	571	18.7	0.160	0.108	(0.086, 0.136)	0.057	0.091	0.206	0.430
	6–11	887	1.92	0.298	0.232	(0.212, 0.255)	0.146	0.231	0.354	0.735
	12–18	906	1.99	0.377	0.289	(0.264, 0.316)	0.182	0.297	0.445	0.951
	≥19	3781	6.8	0.615	0.359	(0.326, 0.395)	0.185	0.422	0.811	1.75
Phthalates metabolites
MEHHP	3–5	571	0	45.9	34.6	(31.3, 38.2)	21.3	36.2	58.7	96.8
	6–11	885	0	37.5	28.8	(26.5, 31.2)	18.7	29.6	47.2	85.3
	12–18	901	0.11	19.9	13.6	(12.0, 15.5)	8.39	14.8	24.6	53.6
	≥19	3781	0.4	23.1	13.2	(12.0, 14.4)	6.89	13.7	25.9	62.6
MEOHP	3–5	571	0	34.3	25.5	(23.0, 28.3)	15.2	26.2	40.9	83.6
	6–11	885	0	25.7	19.2	(17.6, 20.9)	11.8	19.5	31.6	65.3
	12–18	901	0.22	14.1	9.24	(8.02, 10.7)	5.10	10.3	17.1	38.5
	≥19	3781	0.5	18.1	9.88	(8.89, 11.0)	5.03	10.7	20.8	50.9
MECPP	3–5	571	0	65.9	45.3	(38.4, 53.5)	25.6	46.7	80.9	173
	6–11	885	0	59.0	44.5	(40.9, 48.5)	27.2	44.0	72.6	144
	12–18	901	0	36.8	28.4	(25.3, 31.8)	18.0	28.5	45.7	89.7
	≥19	3781	0	40.3	23.2	(20.8, 25.7)	11.4	21.7	44.0	131
MnBP	3–5	571	0.53	79.8	47.2	(40.8, 54.6)	32.2	52.9	79.1	157
	6–11	885	0	55.9	43.2	(40.6, 46.1)	28.3	45.1	68.8	126
	12–18	897	0.11	60.6	36.9	(29.6, 46.0)	18.6	36.5	76.8	168
	≥19	3779	1.1	45.6	22.3	(19.2, 25.8)	12.5	25.3	52.0	125
MBzP	3–5	571	3.68	8.06	3.12	(2.65, 3.69)	1.62	3.21	6.83	22.0
	6–11	885	5.99	6.85	2.80	(2.34, 3.35)	1.35	3.17	7.02	24.2
	12–18	901	3.77	6.91	2.78	(2.36, 3.27)	1.19	2.97	6.90	25.3
	≥19	3781	2.0	4.40	1.99	(1.80, 2.20)	0.932	2.05	4.30	14.6
MCNP	3–5	571	4.90	0.670	0.491	(0.425, 0.568)	0.316	0.464	0.685	1.83
	6–11	885	2.26	0.661	0.533	(0.505, 0.562)	0.408	0.526	0.674	1.45
	12–18	901	3.11	0.535	0.452	(0.423, 0.483)	0.331	0.499	0.594	1.02
	≥19	3781	10.5	0.613	0.441	(0.395, 0.493)	0.228	0.502	0.774	1.47
MCOP	3–5	571	0	2.27	1.62	(1.43, 1.83)	0.894	1.55	2.66	6.76
	6–11	885	0.11	3.38	2.24	(2.07, 2.42)	1.28	2.13	3.79	8.31
	12–18	901	1.89	2.41	1.71	(1.55, 1.88)	1.07	1.73	2.94	6.83
	≥19	3781	0.6	1.74	1.07	(0.968, 1.19)	0.569	1.06	1.95	4.59
MCPP	3–5	571	0.18	2.28	1.80	(1.63, 1.99)	1.25	1.70	2.57	5.30
	6–11	885	0.45	1.97	1.56	(1.49, 1.64)	1.07	1.45	2.08	4.43
	12–18	901	0.22	1.75	1.48	(1.35, 1.62)	1.03	1.38	2.09	3.89
	≥19	3781	0.6	1.63	1.13	(1.02, 1.25)	0.672	0.997	2.02	3.84
Environmental phenols
Bisphenol A	3–5	571	1.23	4.33	2.41	(2.05, 2.83)	1.43	2.60	4.39	10.6
	6–11	887	3.95	3.22	1.70	(1.49, 1.95)	0.849	1.98	3.59	10.1
	12–18	904	3.10	2.65	1.39	(1.20, 1.61)	0.755	1.45	2.84	9.13
	≥19	3780	2.1	2.51	1.18	(1.06, 1.32)	0.517	1.32	2.76	7.78
Bisphenol F	3–5	571	69.9	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.093	0.761
	6–11	884	65.3	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.132	1.20
	12–18	900	56.0	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.153	1.48
	≥19	3777	59.3	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.141	1.23
Bisphenol S	3–5	571	47.5	*	*	*	<LOD	0.020	0.046	0.186
	6–11	884	46.0	*	*	*	<LOD	0.023	0.065	0.523
	12–18	900	38.2	0.293	0.053	(0.041, 0.068)	<LOD	0.036	0.120	1.08
	≥19	3776	45.7	*	*	*	<LOD	0.022	0.057	0.288
Triclosan	3–5	571	21.9	1.57	0.513	(0.435, 0.606)	0.208	0.400	1.02	4.79
	6–11	887	32.6	3.52	0.452	(0.404, 0.507)	<LOD	0.316	0.828	6.05
	12–18	904	35.3	3.96	0.420	(0.369, 0.479)	<LOD	0.315	0.714	4.75
	≥19	3780	50.9	*	*	*	<LOD	<LOD	0.538	5.39
Methyl Paraben	3–5	571	0	646	46.3	(37.1, 57.8)	8.81	25.8	150	3445
	6–11	884	0	188	28.9	(24.6, 33.9)	7.16	18.8	91.3	913
	12–18	900	0	107	26.1	(21.9, 31.2)	7.17	18.2	91.5	510
	≥19	3779	0	128	35.2	(32.0, 38.6)	9.26	34.6	126	506
Ethyl Paraben	3–5	571	1.05	106	14.2	(10.5, 19.1)	2.66	17.2	66.2	526
	6–11	884	1.13	122	11.4	(8.56, 15.3)	1.96	10.6	69.0	504
	12–18	900	0.44	85.6	19.1	(14.0, 26.2)	4.88	19.0	71.6	350
	≥19	3779	1.0	158	30.9	(27.1, 35.2)	7.82	36.2	139	676
Propyl Paraben	3–5	571	0.70	153	4.36	(3.29, 5.80)	0.664	2.48	18.0	699
	6–11	884	5.43	30.7	1.83	(1.52, 2.21)	0.346	1.37	7.15	104
	12–18	900	2.11	38.7	3.19	(2.55, 3.98)	0.796	2.11	10.8	212
	≥19	3778	3.9	51.0	3.07	(2.73, 3.46)	0.464	2.12	16.9	224
Pyrethroid pesticides metabolites
3-PBA	3–5	570	0.35	2.24	1.08	(0.870, 1.33)	0.536	0.970	1.86	9.34
	6–11	887	0.68	2.40	1.36	(1.21, 1.52)	0.749	1.29	2.39	7.44
	12–18	904	1.66	2.03	1.02	(0.842, 1.24)	0.565	1.12	2.18	5.93
	≥19	3772	0.9	1.82	0.965	(0.887, 1.05)	0.499	1.03	2.05	6.09
Environmental tobacco smoke metabolites
Cotinine	3–5	571	20.5	1.69	1.05	(0.913, 1.20)	0.450	1.19	2.29	4.80
	6–11	887	18.9	2.12	1.20	(1.05, 1.38)	0.521	1.48	2.82	5.84
	12–18	904	7.19	36.1	3.04	(2.50, 3.70)	1.40	2.79	4.72	85.2
	≥19	3784	6.7	240	5.59	(4.80, 6.50)	0.799	1.80	12.7	1530
19 years and older	None	3181	84.0	39.6	1.87	(1.65, 2.12)	0.698	1.30	3.10	75.6
19 years and older	Smoker	603	16.0	1071	524	(393, 700)	429	1008	1504	2575
PAHs metabolites
1-OH-Pyr	3–5	554	47.5	*	*	*	<LOD	0.080	0.353	1.02
	6–11	864	34.4	0.319	0.108	(0.091, 0.127)	<LOD	0.208	0.442	1.02
	12–18	867	31.5	0.613	0.163	(0.115, 0.230)	<LOD	0.338	0.804	2.21
	≥19	3754	28.4	0.364	0.130	(0.118, 0.143)	<LOD	0.201	0.434	1.28
2-NAP	3–5	554	1.26	6.30	3.37	(2.89, 3.92)	1.64	3.31	7.16	21.3
	6–11	864	3.82	5.63	2.67	(2.37, 3.01)	1.45	2.71	5.16	19.8
	12–18	866	2.77	6.29	3.05	(2.63, 3.53)	1.69	3.15	6.40	20.2
	≥19	3754	1.3	5.59	2.63	(2.48, 2.79)	1.23	2.42	6.16	21.0
1-OH-Phe	3–5	554	38.3	0.156	0.080	(0.069, 0.093)	<LOD	0.054	0.194	0.499
	6–11	864	41.8	*	*	*	<LOD	0.168	0.360	0.933
	12–18	866	38.2	0.265	0.127	(0.107, 0.151)	<LOD	0.158	0.367	0.822
	≥19	3751	32.5	0.269	0.117	(0.109, 0.126)	<LOD	0.135	0.303	0.779
2-OH-Flu	3–5	549	19.7	2.18	0.495	(0.327, 0.750)	0.133	0.589	1.98	10.7
	6–11	864	20.0	0.380	0.209	(0.178, 0.246)	0.085	0.279	0.513	1.08
	12–18	867	15.9	0.485	0.263	(0.225, 0.307)	0.145	0.317	0.647	1.40
	≥19	3754	14.1	0.697	0.321	(0.295, 0.349)	0.159	0.379	0.780	2.58
VOCs metabolites
t,t-MA	3–5	571	0	133	82.2	(71.9, 94.1)	41.7	73.2	148	470
	6–11	887	0.56	161	91.2	(81.9, 101)	45.9	86.1	177	457
	12–18	904	0.66	147	80.4	(68.1, 95.0)	42.6	82.9	156	441
	≥19	3777	0.4	162	86.2	(80.7, 92.0)	41.4	88.5	185	498
BMA	3–5	571	0	26.9	10.6	(9.31, 12.2)	5.58	9.27	17.6	120
	6–11	883	0	13.1	7.39	(6.69, 8.16)	4.08	6.90	11.6	36.7
	12–18	899	0.33	9.09	5.66	(5.00, 6.40)	3.29	6.04	9.71	27.1
	≥19	3777	0.4	11.8	4.63	(4.28, 5.02)	2.42	4.74	8.95	27.9

^a 95% confidence interval of the GM; GM, geometric mean; * 40% of samples were below the LOD, so the percentile distribution was reported, but GM was not calculated; LOD, limit of detection; AM, arithmetic mean.