Table 5.

In silico studies of vaccine design against COVID-19.

Authors and Reference	Viral antigens	Results of study
Enayatkhani et al. [84]	Nucleocapsid, ORF3a, and Membrane protein	Designed chimeric protein showed to elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
Dong et al. [85]	ORF7a protein, ORF8 protein, nsp9, nsp6, nsp3, endoRNAse, ORF3a protein, membrane glycoprotein, and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein	In silico assays validated the efficacy of the designed multi-epitope vaccine
Rahman et al. [86]	S, M, and E proteins	Vaccine candidate showed a significant potential in silico
Arshad Dar et al. [87]	Spike	Proposed multiepitope vaccine could provide protective immunity against COVID-19
Kumar et al. [88]	Spike	Eliciting a strong immune response for vaccine in silico