Table 2.
Effects of caffeic acid (CA) against atherogenic diet- (Ath-) induced alteration(s) in hemodynamic parameters.
| Group | AP (mmHg) | HR (BPM) | MAP (mmHg) | SAP (mmHg) | DAP (mmHg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 120.1 ± 2.913 | 374.2 ± 8.171 | 120.06 ± 3.28 | 121.13 ± 4.248 | 85.5 ± 2.32 |
| Ath control | 96.33 ± 2.883a | 449.2 ± 7.977a | 93.36 ± 4.222a | 144.15 ± 4.19a | 99.83 ± 2.822a |
| Ath + CA (25 mg/kg) | 104.8 ± 2.315x | 403.8 ± 4.512z | 110 ± 3.235x | 134.3 ± 4.006x | 97.5 ± 3.334x |
| Ath + CA (50 mg/kg) | 112.8 ± 2.496y | 386.7 ± 6.168z | 114.7 ± 3.63y | 129.5 ± 2.754z | 95.17 ± 3.229y |
| Control + CA (50 mg/kg) | 118.2 ± 5.029 | 372 ± 3.715 | 108.2 ± 4.672 | 121.3 ± 3.989 | 81.67 ± 1.054z |
| Ath + ATORVA (5) | 114.67 ± 4.167z | 380.2 ± 4.665z | 119.2 ± 3.26z | 125.3 ± 2.499z | 83.17 ± 1.797z |
Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. ap < 0.001vs. the control group, xp < 0.05, yp < 0.01, and zp < 0.001vs. the Ath control group. Data are analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test. AP : arterial pressure, BPM : beats per minute, HR : heart rate, MAP : mean arterial pressure, SAP : systolic arterial pressure, DAP : diastolic arterial pressure.