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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Dec 22;146:112571. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112571

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Effects of NOS inhibition on fentanyl-induced changes in inspiratory/expiratory timing. L-NAME reduced both inspiratory and expiratory times but did not affect end inspiratory or end expiratory pauses. The negative effects of fentanyl on inspiratory time and end inspiratory pause were not affected by L-NAME whereas the negative effects of fentanyl of expiratory time and end expiratory pause are markedly augmented in the presence of the NOS inhibitor. Panels: Inspiratory time (panel A), expiratory time (panel B), end inspiratory pause (panel C) and end expiratory pause (panel D) prior to (pre) and following the administration of vehicle or L-NAME (50 μmol/kg, IV) and then fentanyl (25 μg/kg, IV) in unanesthetized adult Sprague Dawley rats. There were 6 rats in each group. The data are presented as mean ± SEM.