Table 2.
Interaction between m6A and ncRNAs in gastrointestinal tract cancers.
| Cancer | Enzyme | Type | Enzyme expression | ncRNA | ncRNA expression | Mechanism | Biological function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer | METTL3 | Writer | Up | A subset of miRNAs (miR-483, miR-676, and miR-877) | Up | METTL3 promotes the post-transcriptional processing of subsets of miRNAs | promotes tumor growth | (73) |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA RP11 | Up | METTL3 promotes the expression of lncRNA RP11 | promotes CRC cells migration, invasion, and EMT | (70) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | microRNA miR-1246 | Up | METTL3 promotes miR-1246 maturation | promotes the migration and invasion of CRC cells | (69) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA LINC01605 | Up | LINC01605 promotes m6A modification of SPTBN2 mRNA by METTL3 | promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells | (74) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA LBX2-AS1 | Up | METTL3 promotes lncRNA LBX2-AS1 expression | promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and 5-FU resistance of CRC cells | (75) | |
| METTL14 | Writer | Down | lncRNA XIST | Up | METTL14 promotes the degradation of lncRNA XIST | inhibits proliferation and invasion of CRC cells | (76) | |
| METTL14 | Writer | Down | microRNA miR-375 | Down | METTL14 promotes miR-375 processing | inhibits the migration and invasion of CRC cells | (77) | |
| ALKBH5 | Eraser | Up | lncRNA NEAT1 | Up | ALKBH5 promotes the expression of lncRNA NEAT1 | promotes the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells | (78) | |
| YTHDC1 | Reader | – | circNSUN2 | Up | YTHDC1 promotes the export of circNSUN2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm | promotes liver metastasis of CRC | (68) | |
| YTHDF3 | Reader | Up | lncRNA GAS5 | Down | lncRNA GAS5 inhibits the transcriptional expression of YTHDF3 | promotes the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells | (79) | |
| IGF2BP2 | Reader | Up | lncRNA LINRIS | Up | LINRIS blocks IGF2BP2 degradation | promotes MYC-mediated glycolysis and CRC cells proliferation | (80) | |
| IGF2BP2 | Reader | – | lncRNA LINC00460 | Up | The formation of LINC00460/DHX9/IGF2BP2 complex enhances the stability of HMGA1 mRNA | promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells | (81) | |
| Gastric cancer | METTL3 | Writer | – | lncRNA LINC00470 | Up | LINC00470 promotes the interaction between METTL3 and PTEN mRNA, thereby promoting the degradation of PTEN mRNA and decreasing its expression | promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells | (82) |
| METTL3 | Writer | – | lncRNA ARHGAP5-AS1 | Up | lncRNA ARHGAP5-AS1 promotes ARHGAP5 transcription and improves the stability of ARHGAP5 mRNA by recruiting METTL3 to modify ARHGAP5 mRNA with m6A | promotes chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer | (83) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | miR-4429 | Down | miR-4429 targets METTL3 and prevents its stabilization of oncogene SEC62 mRNA | inhibits GC proliferation and promote apoptosis | (84) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA BLACAT2 | Up | BLACAT2 promotes METTL3 expression | promotes the progression of gastric cancer | (85) | |
| KIAA1429 | Writer | Up | lncRNA LINC00958 | Up | KIAA1429 up-regulates the expression of LINC00958 | promotes aerobic glycolysis of GC cells | (86) | |
| ALKBH5 | Eraser | Up | lncRNA NEAT1 | Up | ALKBH5 promotes the expression of lncRNA NEAT1 | promotes the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer | (87) | |
| Liver cancer | METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA LINC00958 | Up | METTL3 upregulates the expression of LINC00958 by stabilizing the RNA transcription of LINC00958 | promotes proliferation, migration, invasion and lipogenesis of HCC cells | (88) |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | circRNA-SORE | Up | METTL3 increases the stability of circRNA-SORE RNA | induces sorafenib resistance in HCC | (89) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | microRNA miR-186 | Down | miR-186 negatively regulates METTL3 expression | inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HB cells | (72) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | circ-ARL3 | Up | METTL3 promotes reverse splicing and formation of circ-ARL3 | promotes the proliferation and invasion of HBV+ HCC cells | (90) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA ILF3-AS1 | Up | ILF3-AS1 increases the methylation level of ILF3 by recruiting METTL3, thereby inhibiting degradation of ILF3 | promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. | (91) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA NIFK−AS1 | Up | METTL3 promotes lncRNA NIFK AS1 expression | promotes the growth and invasion of HCC cells and the resistance to sorafenib | (92) | |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | LncRNA MEG3 | Down | METTL3 inhibits MEG3 expression | promotes the growth and invasion of HCC cells | (93) | |
| KIAA1429 | Writer | Up | lncRNA GATA3-AS | – | lncRNA GATA3-AS targeting promotes m6A modification of GATA3 pre-mRNA by KIAA1429, resulting in decreased stability of GATA3 pre-mRNA and decreases expression of GATA3 | promotes the invasion and migration of HCC cells | (94) | |
| KIAA1429 | Writer | Up | circDLC1 | Down | KIAA1429 inhibits the expression of circDLC1 | promotes the proliferation and movement of HCC cells | (95) | |
| WTAP | Writer | Up | miR-139-5p | Down | miR-139-5p inhibits the expression of WTAP | Inhibits the EMT process of HCC | (96) | |
| YTHDF1 | Reader | Up | lncRNA TPTEP1 | – | YTHDF1-mediated increases GNAS translation inhibited the interaction between lncRNA TPTEP1 and STAT3 | promotes LPS-induced growth and invasion of HCC cells | (97) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | METTL3 | Writer | Up | lncRNA LINC00857 | Up | METTL3 enhances the stability of LINC00857 RNA, resulting in up-regulation of its expression | promotes the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and inhibit apoptosis | (98, 99) |
| METTL3 | Writer | Up | miR-25-3p | Up | METTL3 promotes the maturation of miR-25-3p | promotes the initiation and progress of PDAC | (100) | |
| ALKBH5 | Eraser | Down | LncRNA KCNK15-AS1 | Down | ALKBH5 promotes the expression of lncRNA KCNK15-AS1 | inhibits the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells | (101) | |
| IGF2BP2 | Reader | Up | LncRNA DANCR | Up | IGF2BP2 improves the stability of lncRNA DANCR | promotes pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, stem cell-like properties, and tumorigenesis | (71) | |
| HNRNPC | Reader | Up | has-miR-183-3p | – | rs7495 in HNRNPC 3’UTR disrupts the binding site of has-miR-183-3p, thereby increasing the expression of HNRNPC | promotes the proliferation of PDAC cells | (102) | |
| Carcinoma of esophagus | WTAP | Reader | Up | lncRNA EMS | Up | LncRNA EMS promotes WTAP expression | promotes cisplatin resistance of esophageal carcinoma cells. | (103) |
| ALKBH5 | Eraser | Up | lncRNA LINC00278 | Down | ALKBH5 inhibits LINC00278 encoded micropeptide YY1BM | promotes the progress of ESCC | (104) | |
| Gallbladder cancer | METTL3 | Writer | – | miR-2b-3p | Up | METTL3 promotes the maturation of miR-92b-3p | promotes the progression of gallbladder cancer | (105) |