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. 2022 Jan 16;15:363–379. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S345108

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© 2022 Jiang et al.

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(A) The hippocampal IL-1β level in the SAE group was higher than that in the sham, SAE-EE group, or SAE-VP groups. No difference existed between the SAE group and SAE-MIX group. The hippocampal IL-1β level in the SAE-EE group was lower than that in the SAE-EE-anti-VP serum, SAE-EE-shRNA, or SAE-EE-SR49059 groups. (B) The hippocampal IL-6 level in the SAE group was higher than that in the Sham, SAE-EE, or SAE-VP groups. No difference existed between the SAE group and SAE-MIX group. The hippocampal IL-6 level in the SAE-EE group was lower than that in the SAE-EE-anti-VP serum, SAE-EE-shRNA, or SAE-EE-SR49059 groups. (C) The hippocampal IL-10 level in the SAE group was higher than that in the sham group, but lower than that in the SAE-EE group. No difference existed between the SAE group and SAE-MIX group. The hippocampal IL-10 level in the SAE-EE group was higher than that in the SAE-EE-anti-VP serum, SAE-EE-shRNA, or SAE-EE-SR49059 groups. (D) There was no difference of hippocampal TNF-α levels among these groups. vs SAE: *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001,****p < 0.0001; vs SAE-EE: ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001,^####p < 0.0001. Data represent the means ± standard error of the mean.

Abbreviations: EE, environmental enrichment; VP, vasopressin; SAE, sepsis-associated encephalopathy; MIX, a mixture of VP and SR49059; shRNA, short hairpin RNA.