Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 20;13:430. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28043-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — a Schematic for generating mhCOs. 10% of PU.1-infected hESCs were mixed with 90% parental HES3 hESCs, and PU.1 priming and full induction were performed on day 2 and 18, respectively. b Expression of microglia-related genes from control hCOs and mhCOs (30-day and 70-day old). Gene expression was measured relative to control organoids on day 30 and normalized to β-Actin. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5, three independent batches). c Left, immunostaining for IBA1 reveals the production of microglia-like cells in sectioned-mhCOs at days 30 and 70. IBA1⁺ cells were not found in control hCOs. Right, Sholl analysis of IBA1 + microglia-like cells from mhCOs at different time points. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5 organoids from three independent differentiation replicates of two hESCs lines). d and e Immunostaining of mhCOs at day 70 and isolated microglia co-cultured with neurons (2D) for IBA1 and CSF1R (d) TMEM119 and P2RY12 (e). Representative images were shown (n = 5, from two independent batches). f Top, co-expression of PU.1 and IBA1 in hCOs and mhCOs at day 30 and 70. Bottom, quantification of Pu.1-derived IBA1 microglia-like cells. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5 organoids from three independent differentiation replicates of two hESCs lines). Bottom, Pearson’s correlation coefficient of IBA1 with PU.1 in mhCOs at days 30 and 70. g Top, co-immunostaining for Ki67 and IBA1 in mhCOs at day 70. Bottom, quantification of proliferating IBA1 microglia-like cells. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5 organoids from three independent differentiation replicates of two hESC lines). h Left, high-resolution imaging showed microglia isolated from mhCOs at day 90 and co-cultured D90 cortical neurons for 3 days contained inclusions of PSD95. Right, quantification of PSD95 particles in IBA1⁺ microglia-like cells. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 8, from three independent differentiation replicates of hESCs lines). The scale bar represents 50 μm in c–g and 20 μm in h.