Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jan 20;13:430. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28043-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 4 — a Experimental design to test the effect of Aβ_oligo treatment on control hCOs and mhCOs. b Co-Immunostaining for CD68 and Aβ in Aβ-treated control hCOs, mhCOs, and the adult human brain. Data are representative images of five organoids from three independent experiments. The scale bar represents 50 μm. c UMAP plot of single cells from non- and Aβ-treated hCOs and mhCOs colored by cell type assignment (left) and organoid type (right). Data depicts results from 49,867 cells. d Histogram representing significant gene induction related to microglia activation in non- and Aβ-treated mhCOs. p = 2.51e−11 (AIF1), 3.64e−4 (CSF1R), 2.79e−7 (PTPRC), 2.04e−10 (C1QC), 9.52e−7 (LCP1), and 1.42e−11 (CTSS) with two-sided t-test. e Volcano plot representing differential gene expression in microglia between non- and Aβ-treated mhCOs (left). 775 up- and 175 down-regulated genes are shown by purple and turquoise color, respectively. The other 31,788 genes are shown by gray color. The top five significant GO terms of upregulated genes in Aβ-treated microglia were shown by circle size (right). A two-sided t-test was used for comparison. f Heatmap representing the down-regulation of neuronal developmental genes in hCOs with Aβ treatment. Relative expression value in non-treated hCO to Aβ-treated hCOs was normalized as Z-score. g GO enrichment of global differentially expressed genes between non- and Aβ-treated organoids. Left and right bar plots were obtained from hCO and mhCO, respectively. h GSEA of Braak stage-specific gene signatures in Aβ-treated hCOs and mhCOs. The enrichment and depletion were visualized by blue and green colors, subsequently.