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. 2022 Jan 20;12:1095. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05104-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Antioxidant potential of Hippophae rhamnoides L. extracts: (1)—Percentage of DPPH free radical scavenging by the leaf and twig extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. over the concentration range of 0.5–50 µg/ml. Incubation time 10 min. The data represent mean ± SEM of three independent repetitions. (2)—The effect of Hippophae rhamnoides L. twig and leaf extracts (0.5–50 μg/ml) on protein carbonylation induced by H₂O₂/Fe. The data represent mean ± SEM of three independent repetitions. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.001 versus control. Control—extracts free plasma treated with H₂O₂/Fe. (3, 4)—Effect of the Hippophae rhamnoides L. twig and leaf extracts on H₂O₂/Fe-induced ROS production in BJ cells. Incubation time 24 h. Left panel (3)—Confocal microscopy images of (A) control (not treated BJ cells); (B) H₂O₂, 80 µmol/l; (C) Twig extract, 50 µg/ml; (D) Leaf extract, 50 µg/ml. Fluorescence intensity of ROS in BJ cells. The data are presented as mean ± SD of 5–7 repeats. **p < 0.001. ***p < 0.0001 versus ROS.