. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Mar-Apr;38(2):160–165. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002013

Table 4.

Proportion of Women First and Senior Authors by Continent in Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (OPRS) by Year

OPRS Proportion of Women First Authors (%)
Institutional Affiliation	1985	1995	2005	2015	2020	p-value
North America	2/49 (4.1%)	6/43 (14%)	15/83 (18.1%)	43/125 (34.4%)	55/129 (42.6%)	<0.001
Europe	0/1 (0%)	1/6 (16.7%)	6/26 (23.1%)	4/19 (21.1%)	15/33 (45.5%)	0.03
Asia	0/0 (0%)	2/4 (50%)	6/30 (20%)	13/52 (25%)	25/49 (51%)	0.01
South America	0/1 (0%)	0/1 (0%)	1/3 (33.3%)	0/2 (0%)	5/9 (55.6%)	0.13
Australia	0/0 (0%)	1/2 (50%)	4/7 (57.1%)	4/10 (40%)	2/9 (22.2%)	0.18
Africa	0/0 (0%)	0/1 (0%)	0/2 (0%)	0/3 (0%)	1/2 (50%)	0.17
OPRS Proportion of Women Senior Authors (%)
Institutional Affiliation	1985	1995	2005	2015	2020	p-value
North America	1/28 (3.6%)	1/32 (3.1%)	5/73 (6.8%)	25/122 (20.5%)	48/125 (38.4%)	<0.001
Europe	0/0 (0%)	3/6 (50%)	11/24 (45.8%)	10/17 (58.8%)	17/35 (48.6%)	0.41
Asia	0/1 (0%)	0/2 (0%)	11/23 (47.8%)	22/46 (47.8%)	21/37 (56.8%)	0.42
South America	0/1 (0%)	1/2 (50%)	0/5 (0%)	1/1 (100%)	6/8 (75%)	0.01
Australia	0/0 (0%)	0/2 (0%)	1/9 (11.1%)	3/11 (27.3%)	1/8 (12.5%)	0.31
Africa	0/0 (0%)	0/1 (0%)	0/0 (0%)	1/2 (50%)	1/2 (50%)	0.40