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. 2022 Jan 20;13:431. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27904-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a, b Analysis of the luciferase activity in WT B. subtilis strain harboring P_pksC-lux (bacillaene) and P_srfAA-lux (surfactin) reporters and their indicated mutants. Luminescence was monitored in B4 medium (No Treatment), and B4 medium supplemented with PG (100 ng/µl) from the indicated species. Graphs represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 9). c WT B. subtilis strains harboring P_srfAA-yfp (surfactin), P_pksC-mKate (bacillaene), P_bacA-gfp (bacilysin) and P_ppsA-gfp (plipastatin) reporters and their ∆comA mutants were grown either alone (NC) or in competition against indicated Bacilli, and their cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Graphs represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 9). d Analysis of the luciferase activity in WT B. subtilis strain harboring P_srfAA-lux (surfactin) reporter and its ∆ykoG ∆ywqM mutant. Luminescence was monitored in B4 medium (No Treatment), and B4 medium supplemented with PG (100 ng/µl) from B.thurngiensis (B.T-PG). Graphs represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments (n = 9). e A WT B. subtilis strain harboring P_comGA-gfp reporter were analyzed either alone (NC) or in competition against indicated Bacilli using flow cytometry.; Y-axis represents (e1) the % of cells expressing the reporters (e2) Violin plots showing intensity of the fluorescent population, data is presented as median (solid line) with 25th and 75th percentile (dashed line) from three independent experiments (n = 9). f A conceptual model of the conflict between growth and antibiotic production, and how it is resolved by the PG mediated regulation of antibiotic production. For panels a, b and d statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. For panels c and e statistical analysis was performed between resistant and sensitive members using Brown–Forsthye and Welch’s ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparisons test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. P values at different time points in panels a, b and d are shown in the Supplementary Data 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.