Table 2.
The information of the effect of IRE combined with different immunotherapies on the survival and immune status of tumor-bearing body.
| Species and tumor model | Tumor stage | Number of cases | Combined immunotherapy | Follow-up indicators | Follow-up time | Impact on immune status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murine orthotopic PDAC | NA | 56 | Dendritic cell vaccine | Median OS; OS | 90 days | Increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and granzyme B+ cells in tumor (116) |
| Murine orthotopic PDAC | NA | NA | PD-1 inhibitor | Median OS; OS | 60 days | Promoted selective infiltration and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, with a long-term memory immune response (91) |
| Murine orthotopic pancreatic cancer | NA | NA | PD-1 inhibitor and Toll-like receptor-7 stimulation | OS | 6 months | Increased the infiltration of CD45+ cells and CD8+ T, DCs, and CD8+IFN-r+ T cells in tumor tissue (108) |
| Human LAPC | Stage III | 10 | PD-1 inhibitor (nivolumab) | Median OS; OS | Until the date of death | Decreased the circulating Tregs and induced the expression of PD-L1 in vitro (117) |
| Human pancreatic cancer | Stage III/IV | 67 | Allogeneic NK cell | Median PFS; median OS | Until the date of death | Increased the density of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK, and B cells and the Th1 cytokine levels (118) |
| Human LAPC | Stage III/IV | 62 | Allogenic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells | Median PFS; median OS | Until the date of death | Increased the level of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-β and NKG2D, αβT, NK cells, and CD44+ cells (23) |
| Human LAPC | Stage III | 92 | Allogeneic NK cells | OS; DFS | 29 months | Increased the density of lymphocyte and enhanced their function, as well as the levels of serum IL-2, TNF-β, and IFN-γ (119) |
| Murine HCC | NA | 60 | PD-1 inhibitor | Tumor volume | 21 days | Increased the density of CD8+ T cells and decreased Tregs in both peripheral blood and tumor tissue (120) |
| Murine models of melanoma and HCC | NA | 40-64 | Intratumoral STING agonist | Tumor size | Until the mean tumor diameter was greater than 20 mm2 | Increased the density of IFN-γ/TNF-α-producing CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells and delayed tumor growth (121) |
| Murine prostate carcinoma | NA | 14 | CTLA-4 inhibitor PD-1 inhibitor |
OS | 53 days | Promoted robust expansion of tumor- specific CD8+ T and memory T cells in blood, tumor, and non-lymphoid tissues (21) |
| Human primary liver cancer | Stage III/IV | 40 | Allogenic NK cell | PFS; OS | Until the date of death | Shifted the balance of Th1/Th2 and activated cellular immunity (122) |
| Human HCC | Stage IV | 40 | Allogenic NK cell | Median OS; OS | Until the date of death | Augmented the immune functions of the patients (123) |
CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4; DFS, disease-free survival; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; LAPC, locally advanced pancreatic cancer; NA: not available; NK, natural killer; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PD-1, programmed cell death protein-1; STING, stimulator of interferon genes.