TABLE 1.
Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) among Y-STR haplotypes of 1171 men in Kazakhstan using two models 1) tribal affiliations (model: ∼tribe), and 2) tribal affiliation nested in Zhus (model: ∼zhus/tribe).
| Structure design | Source of variation | d.f. | Sum of squares | Variance components (sigma) | Percentage of variation | Permutation test (α = 0.01) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model: ∼Tribe | Among tribes | 23 | 2792.23 | 2.47 | 26.77 | Less |
| Within tribes | 1147 | 7751.01 | 6.75 | 73.23 | Greater | |
| Total | 1170 | 10543.24 | 9.01 | ΦST: 0.268 | ||
| Model: ∼Zhuz/Tribe | Among zhuzs | 2 | 1103.96 | 0.844 | 8.91 | Less |
| Among tribes Within zhuzs | 21 | 1688.27 | 1.86 | 19.68 | Less | |
| Within tribes | 1147 | 7751.01 | 6.75 | 71.40 | Greater | |
| Total | 1170 | 12353.99 | 11.125 | ΦSC: 0.216 | ||
| ΦST: 0.286 | ||||||
| ΦCT: 0.089 |
The significance of the covariance components was tested using a Monte Carlo permutation test using an alpha = 0.01: variance components that were less than or greater than expected under the null (permuted) distribution are marked as < or > respectively.