Table 1.
Group characteristics for vegans and omnivores.
| Omnivore | Vegan | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | |||
| Sex [F/M] | 17/16 | 25/37 | |
| Weight [kg] | 73.0 (24.4) | 67.9 (16.6) | n.s. |
| Age [years] | 31.3 (11.2) | 30.9 (10.5) | n.s. |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 22.8 (4.4) | 21.6 (3.6) | n.s. |
| WHR | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) | n.s. |
| Body composition | |||
| Fat [kg] | 13.9 (5.8) | 11.6 (9.3) | n.s. |
| FFM [kg] | 54.2 (23.4) | 57.1 (19.3) | n.s. |
| TBW [kg] | 39.7 (17.1) | 41.8 (14.1) | n.s. |
| Macronutrients intake | |||
| Total energy [kcal/day] | 2 100 (683) | 2 072 (706) | n.s. |
| Proteins [g/day] | 81 (29) | 69 (38) | 0.020 |
| Lipids [g/day] | 83 (49) | 70.0 (35) | 0.030 |
| Carbohydrates [g/day] | 232 (98) | 250 (105) | 0.030 |
| Dietary fiber [g/day] | 18 (10) | 33 (20) | <0.001 |
| Glucose metabolism | |||
| Fasting glucose [mmol/l] | 4.8 (0.3) | 4.7 (0.4) | n.s. |
| 2h OGTT glucose [mmol/l] | 5.9 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.3) | 0.070 |
| AUC for OGTT glucose | |||
| [mmol/l x 120min−1] | 255 (137) | 184 (159) | n.s. |
| AUC for OGTT insulin | |||
| [mIU/l x 120min−1] | 4,416 (1938) | 3,143 (2603) | 0.004 |
| Insulin [mIU/l] | 3.9 (2.7) | 3.4 (1.7) | n.s. |
| C-peptide [pmol/l] | 232 (103) | 229 (79) | n.s. |
| HbA1c [mmol/mol] | 32.0 (2.5) | 30.0 (4.0) | 0.010 |
| Matsuda index | 10.2 (6.6) | 9.9 (5.2) | n.s. |
| Lipid metabolism | |||
| Total cholesterol [mmol/l] | 4.3 (1.1) | 3.3 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C [mmol/l] | 1.7 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C [mmol/l] | 2.4 (1.2) | 1.7 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Triacylglycerols [mmol/l] | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.4) | n.s. |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| CRP (mg/l) | 0.074 (0.081) | 0.045 (0.028) | <0.001 |
| Stool characteristics | |||
| pH in feces | 7.3 (0.7) | 6.9 (0.8) | 0.005 |
| dry mass (%) | 25.1 (9.9) | 20.3 (8.8) | 0.002 |
Data are given as median (interquartile range). BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-hip ratio; FFM, fat-free mass; TBW, total body water; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; AUC, area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol.