Density Gradient Centrifugation
|
Buoyant density |
Can be used to isolate cells, Easily accessible technology |
Batch analysis, Suspended cells only |
[10,40, 52] |
Suspended microchannel resonator (SMR )
|
Buoyant density |
High accuracy, Single cell resolution |
Suspended cells only |
[15,16] |
Particle tracking
|
Diffusion (large particles) |
Spatial resolution, Takes particle size into account |
Indirect density measurement, Sensitive to pH and specific interactions |
[20,22–24,26] |
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS)
|
Diffusion (small particles) |
Additional Information: concentration and complex stoichiometry |
Indirect density measurement, Sensitive to pH and specific interactions |
[27] |
Fluorescence
|
Diffusion |
Distinguishes |
Indirect density |
[28,29] |
recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)
|
(small particles) |
between mobile and immobile fraction |
measurement, Sensitive to pH and specific interactions |
|
Refractive index tomography
|
Refractive index (proportional to density) |
Spatial resolution, tag free, suitable for live imaging |
|
[18,19] |
Cryo-electron tomography
|
Number and density of large structures |
High spatial resolution |
Fixed specimens only |
[20,21] |
Stimulated raman scattering microscopy (SRS)
|
Biomass composition and concentration |
Distinguishes different classes of macromolecules, can be applied to tissues |
Sensitive to autofluorescence |
[35–37,39,123] |