Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Author | Study design | Ischemic grade | Method for ischemia | Follow-up time | n | Age | Male (%) | HT (%) | DM (%) | HC (%) | Smoke (%) | PrRev (%) | PrMI (%) | Mean LVEF (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marcos-Garces et al. 15 | Retrospective | 0–1; 2–5; 6–8; ⩾9 segments (17-segment) | CMR (vasodilator drugs) | 5.7 years | 6389 | 65 ± 12 | 62 | 64 | 28 | 56 | 18 | 23 | 18 | 61 |
| Li et al. 19 | Retrospective | <10%; ⩾10% (17-segment) | SPECT (bicycle exercise or pharmacologic stress) | 46 ± 21 months | 286 | 64 ± 10 | 69.23 | 69.93 | 26.57 | 30.42 | 74.48 | NA | NA | 63 |
| Yoda et al. 20 | Retrospective propensity score-match |
⩽5%, 6–10%, >10% (20-segment) | SPECT (exercise or adenosine) | 3 years | 900 | 67.5 ± 10 | 81.11 | 78.89 | 42.67 | 54.89 | 32.22 | 40.89 | 32.67 | 56.00 |
| Boiten et al. 21 | Observational | <3, ⩾3 segments (6-segment) |
SPECT (exercise bicycle or dobutamine) | 5 years | 538 | 59.8 ± 11 | 73 | 40 | 16 | 35 | 29 | 30 | 41 | NA |
| Carvajal-Juarez et al. 22 | Retrospective | >10% | SPECT | 44 months | 100 | 64/59 (median) | 84 | 63 | 37 | 48 | 40 | NA | NA | 54 |
| Simonsen et al. 23 | Observational | 5–9%; 10–14%; >14% | SPECT (exercise test or pharmacological stress by adenosine, dipyridamole or dobutamine.) | 6.1 years | 1327 | 59.5 ± 11.8 | 43 | NA | 15 | NA | 15.30 | 15.67 | 6.56 | NA |
| Sharir et al. 24 | Observational cohort | <5%, 5–9%, ⩾10% (17-segment) |
SPECT (Treadmill exercise or dipyridamole stress) | 4.04 ± 1.86 years | 7973 | 64.5 ± 11.1 | 61.60 | 63.10 | 30.90 | 69 | 12.70 | 32.70 | 15.90 | 60.30 |
| Hachamovitch et al. 25 | Observational | 0%; 1–5%; 5–10%; 11–20%; >20% (20-segemnt) |
SPECT (exercise or adenosine) | 1.9 ± 0.6 years | 10,627 | 65/69 (median) | 54.61 | 46.19 | 12.99 | 41.60 | 13.24 | 10.15 | NA | NA |
| COURAGE 20128 | RCT | 0–2, ⩾3 segments (6-segment) |
SPECT | 4.6 years | 1381 | 61/62 | 87 | 69.73 | 36.21 | 47.79 | 28.53 | 26.69 | 38.83 | NA |
| J-ACCESS 20127 | Retrospective | SDS ⩽4; 5–8; >8 (20-segment) | SPECT | 3 years | 632 | 65.7 ± 9.4 | 71.35 | 58.15 | 39.55 | 58.25 | 19.35 | 51.60 | 43.35 | 58.00 |
| ISCHEMIA 202014 | RCT | NA | Stress test (CMRI; Echocardiography; Nuclear imaging) | 3.2 years | 5176 | 64 | 77.40 | 73.40 | 41.80 | NA | 57.40 | 23.20 | 19.20 | 60 |
CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CMRI, coronary magnetic resonance imaging; DM, diabetes mellites; HC, hyper-cholesterol; HT, hypertension; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PrMI, Previous myocardial infarction; PrRev, Previous revascularization; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SDS, summed difference score; SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography.