Table 2.
Outcome Parameters at Baseline.
| Outcome parameter | All participants |
Mindful walking |
Walking |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 51 | n = 24 | n = 27 | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
| WHOQOL-BREF † | |||
| Physical domain (0-100) † | 59.9 ± 15.6 | 57.9 ± 16.4 | 61.7 ± 14.9 |
| Psychological domain (0-100) † | 55.4 ± 13.1 | 54.3 ± 16.1 | 56.4 ± 9.9 |
| Social relationships domain (0-100) † | 61.0 ± 18.9 | 62.7 ± 20.9 | 59.6 ± 17.1 |
| Environment domain (0-100) † | 70.6 ± 12.4 | 69.8 ± 13.7 | 71.4 ± 11.3 |
| Overall perception of life and health (Question 1 + 2) (0-100) † | 53.4 ± 16.2 | 52.6 ± 18.4 | 54.2 ± 14.3 |
| FACT-G † | |||
| Total score (0-108) † | 66.8 ± 15.0 | 64.4 ± 18.4 | 69.1 ± 10.8 |
| Physical well-being (0-28) † | 18.4 ± 5.0 | 17.9 ± 5.9 | 18.8 ± 4.2 |
| Social/Family well-being (0-28) † | 17.7 ± 5.2 | 17.2 ± 5.9 | 18.2 ± 4.5 |
| Emotional well-being (0-24) † | 15.3 ± 4.5 | 14.5 ± 5.2 | 16.0 ± 3.6 |
| Functional well-being (0-28) † | 15.3 ± 5.0 | 14.8 ± 6.0 | 15.7 ± 3.9 |
| Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS-D) ‡ | |||
| Total score (0-60) ‡ | 30.3 ± 8.1 | 30.0 ± 9.6 | 30.4 ± 6.8 |
| Physical fatigue subscale (0-24) ‡ | 14.0 ± 4.2 | 13.8 ± 5.1 | 14.2 ± 3.2 |
| Affective fatigue subscale (0-20) ‡ | 5.9 ± 2.1 | 6.0 ± 2.5 | 5.9 ± 1.7 |
| Cognitive fatigue subscale (0-16) ‡ | 10.3 ± 3.6 | 10.2 ± 3.6 | 10.4 ± 3.7 |
| Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ—short form) | |||
| Overall score (0-100)⁺ | 54.6 ± 15.7 | 53.6 ± 18.8 | 55.4 ± 12.7 |
| Worries subscale (0-100)⁺ | 48.3 ± 22.9 | 48.9 ± 28.3 | 47.7 ± 17.4 |
| Tension subscale (0-100)⁺ | 60.7 ± 19.4 | 61.7 ± 22.5 | 59.8 ± 16.5 |
| Joy subscale (0-100)⁺ | 39.8 ± 19.4 | 44.4 ± 23.1 | 35.7 ± 14.6 |
| Demands subscale (0-100)⁺ | 49.1 ± 15.4 | 48.3 ± 17.2 | 49.8 ± 13.9 |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)′ | |||
| Total score (0-42)′ | 15.8 ± 7.3 | 16.9 ± 8.4 | 14.9 ± 6.2 |
| Anxiety subscale (0-21)′ | 9.2 ± 4.1 | 9.8 ± 4.7 | 8.7 ± 3.4 |
| Depression subscale (0-21)′ | 6.6 ± 4.0 | 7.1 ± 4.1 | 6.1 ± 3.8 |
| Trait autonomic regulation # | |||
| Autonomic regulation total score (18-54) # | 37.8 ± 5.4 | 37.0 ± 5.1 | 38.6 ± 5.7 |
| Orthostatic-circulative aR subscale (7-21) # | 15.5 ± 2.9 | 14.8 ± 2.9 | 16.1 ± 2.9 |
| Rest-/activity aR subscale (8-24) # | 15.2 ± 3.3 | 15.0 ± 3.2 | 15.4 ± 3.5 |
| Digestive aR subscale (3-9) # | 7.2 ± 1.5 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.1 ± 1.7 |
| General Self-efficacy short scale (ASKU) (0-5)″ | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 3.6 ± 0.7 |
| Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FFA) (14-56) ** | 32.9 ± 7.1 | 33.9 ± 8.8 | 32.0 ± 5.1 |
| Pain (NRS) (0-10) ## | |||
| because of cancer | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 3.5 ± 2.9 | 2.7 ± 2.3 |
| because of other disease | 3.7 ± 2.5 | 4.0 ± 2.6 | 3.5 ± 2.5 |
Values are shown as the means and standard deviations (SD).
Abbreviations: WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment; FACT-G, functional assessment of cancer therapy-general; aR, autonomic regulation; NRS, numeric rating scale.
†
Higher values indicate better quality of life.
‡
Lower values indicate less suffering of fatigue.
⁺
High overall score indicates high level of perceived stress.
′
Higher values indicate higher severity of symptoms.
#
Lower values indicate less autonomic regulation.
″
Higher values indicate better self-efficacy.
**
Higher values indicate higher mindfulness.
##
Lower values indicate less suffering of pain.