Table 4. Factors Associated With Availability of Medication for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder During Pregnancy in US Jails.
| Factor | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted model of factors associated with provision of MOUD | ||
| Census region | ||
| Midwest vs West | 0.62 (0.42-0.92) | <.001 |
| Northeast vs West | 5.66 (2.31-13.85) | |
| South vs West | 0.66 (0.44-0.97) | |
| Geographic classification | ||
| Metropolitan vs rural | 2.89 (2.15-3.89) | <.001 |
| Health care service delivery | ||
| Private vs not private | 2.07 (1.56-2.76) | <.001 |
| Role of survey respondent | ||
| Custody vs health care | 0.44 (0.30-0.65) | <.001 |
| Decision-making vs non–decision-making | 1.20 (0.90-1.60) | .22 |
| Female census ≥70 vs <70 womena | 3.42 (2.33-5.03) | <.001 |
| Pregnancy test within 2 wk of arrival (yes vs no) | 4.27 (3.00-6.09) | <.001 |
| On-site vs off-site prenatal care | 1.51 (1.12-2.04) | .007 |
| Adjusted model of factors associated with provision of MOUDb | ||
| Census region | ||
| Midwest vs West | 0.62 (0.38-1.02) | <.001 |
| Northeast vs West | 10.72 (2.43-47.36) | |
| South vs West | 0.54 (0.33-0.89) | |
| Geographic classification | ||
| Metropolitan vs rural | 1.92 (1.31-2.83) | <.001 |
| Health care service delivery | ||
| Private vs not private | 1.49 (1.03-2.14) | .03 |
| Role of survey respondent | ||
| Custody vs health care | 0.54 (0.33-0.87) | .011 |
| Female census ≥70 vs <70 womena | 1.69 (1.02-2.80) | .04 |
| Pregnancy testing within 2 wk of arrival (yes vs no) | 2.66 (1.69-4.17) | <.001 |
| On-site vs off-site prenatal care | 1.03 (0.72-1.48) | .87 |
| Adjusted model of factors associated with provision of both methadone and buprenorphine | ||
| Census region | ||
| Midwest vs West | 0.86 (0.48-1.51) | .09 |
| Northeast vs West | 1.57 (0.76-3.22) | |
| South vs West | 0.68 (0.40-1.16) | |
| Geographic classification | ||
| Metropolitan vs rural | 2.01 (1.23-3.20) | .004 |
| Role of survey respondent | ||
| Custody vs medical | 0.90 (0.56-1.43) | .64 |
| Health care service delivery | ||
| Private vs not private | 1.31 (0.87-1.98) | .19 |
| Female census ≥70 vs <70 womena | 0.93 (0.56-1.54) | .79 |
| Pregnancy testing within 2 wk of arrival (yes vs no) | 0.76 (0.49-1.12) | .24 |
| On-site vs off-site prenatal care | 1.03 (0.68-1.57) | .89 |
Abbreviations: MOUD; medication for opioid use disorder; OR, odds ratio.
a
The cutoff for small vs large jails was set at 70 women based on the IQR of the female census counts reported by respondents.
b
The sensitivity analysis using the model in which MOUD-uncertain jails were categorized as MOUD-available jails revealed that only the South had lower odds of providing MOUD (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26-0.82) vs the West, and jails that performed routine pregnancy testing within 2 weeks of arrival had higher odds of providing MOUD (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.58-4.26) vs those that did not.