Table 3.
Characteristics and outcome of children with and without invasive fungal infections.
| Variables | Children with IFI n = 15 (%) |
Children without IFI n = 123 (%) |
OR (Unadjusted 95% CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 10 (66.7) | 40 (32.5) | 4.15 (1.33–12.95) | 0.019 | |
| Age in months (median, IQR) | 8.0 (4.0, 11.0) | 8.0 (5.0, 10.0) | 0.836 | ||
| Father’s age in years (mean ± SD) | 31.1 ± 8.2 | 30.7 ± 6.7 | 0.836 | ||
| Mother’s age in years mean ± SD) | 23.8 ± 6.1 | 24.1 ± 5.5 | 0.847 | ||
| Father’s education | No or under five grades | 8 (53.3) | 55 (44.7) | 0.731 | |
| Six to ten grades | 3 (20.0) | 36 (29.3) | |||
| More than ten grades | 4 (26.7) | 32 (26.0) | |||
| Mother’s education | No or under five grades | 9 (60.0) | 46 (37.4) | 0.215 | |
| Six to ten grades | 4 (26.7) | 42 (34.1) | |||
| More than ten grades | 2 (13.3) | 35 (28.5) | |||
| Day labor Father | 7 (46.7) | 56 (45.5) | 1.04 (0.36–3.06) | 0.848 | |
| Housewife Mother | 12 (80.0) | 115 (93.5) | 0.28 (0.06–1.19) | 0.100 | |
| Monthly income in USD (median, IQR) | 143 (119, 179) | 179 (119, 239) | 0.297 | ||
| Not Exclusively Breast feed | 13 (86.7) | 95 (77.2) | 1.92 (0.41–9.00) | 0.522 | |
| Duration of breast feeding in months (median, IQR) | 4.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (2.5, 9.0) | 0.197 | ||
| Antibiotic use before hospital admission | 12 (80.0) | 88 (75.2) | 1.32 (0.35–4.99) | 1.000 | |
| Developed thrush after hospital admission | 4 (26.7) | 34 (27.6) | 0.95 (0.28–3.19) | 1.000 | |
| H/o previous hospitalization | 6 (40.0) | 61 (49.6) | 0.68 (0.23–2.01) | 0.668 | |
| Present co-morbidity | 2 (13.3) | 14 (11.4) | 1.19 (0.24–5.86) | 0.685 | |
| Diarrhea | 7 (46.7) | 64 (52.0) | 0.81 (0.28–2.36) | 0.905 | |
| Cough | 11 (73.3) | 111 (90.2) | 0.29 (0.08–1.08) | 0.074 | |
| Fever | 8 (53.3) | 90 (73.2) | 0.42 (0.14–1.25) | 0.194 | |
| Respiratory distress | 8 (53.3) | 70 (56.9) | 0.86 (0.29–2.54) | 0.990 | |
| Poor oral intake | 7 (46.7) | 43 (35.0) | 1.63 (0.55–4.79) | 0.544 | |
| Radial pulse in minute (mean ± SD) | 136.5 ± 18.0 | 140.5 ± 19.5 | 0.450 | ||
| Respiratory rate in minute (mean ± SD) | 48.0 ± 10.8 | 50.2 ± 12.1 | 0.505 | ||
| Developed septic shock (received inotrope) | 4 (26.7) | 6 (4.9) | 7.09 (1.24–34.75) | 0.013 | |
| Lower chest wall in drawing | 9 (60) | 71 (57.7) | 1.09 (0.37–3.27) | 0.913 | |
| Danger sign of severe pneumonia | 8 (53.3) | 27 (22.0) | 4.06 (1.16–14.31) | 0.022 | |
| Crackles | 10 (66.7) | 91 (74) | 0.70 (0.22–2.21) | 0.767 | |
| Absolute neutrophil count (median, IQR) | 6469.8 (2694.9, 17,796.4) Missing 7 |
7279.1 (4580.9, 10,289.9) Missing 49 |
0.710 | ||
| Absolute lymphocyte counts (median, IQR) | 4838.5 (3427.0, 5902.5) Missing 7 |
5217.5 (3827.7, 7334.7) Missing 49 |
0.710 | ||
| Hb level in gm/dl (mean± SD) | 9.6 ± 1.5 Missing 6 |
10.7 ± 1.7 Missing 47 |
0.086 | ||
| LDH level in (U/L) (median, IQR) | 516.0 (436, 1009) | 477.4 (361.9, 662.1) | 0.274 | ||
| Anemia (missing value of CBC 53) | 4 (44.4) | 17 (22.4) | 2.78(0.67–11.50) | 0.215 | |
| Histoplasma positive in urine by PCR | 1 (6.7) | 7 (5.7) | 1.18 (0.13–10.34) | 1.000 | |
| LDH positive in blood | 13 (86.7) | 112 (91.1) | 0.64 (0.13–3.20) | 0.634 | |
| Duration of hospitalization in days (median, IQR) | 10.0 (9.0, 17.0) | 17.0 (12.0, 24.0) | 0.128 | ||
| Got both first and second line antibiotics | 8 (53.3) | 43 (35.0) | 2.12 (0.72–6.26) | 0.256 | |
| Death | 7 (46.7) | 11 (8.9) | 8.90(2.71–29.24) | <0.001 | |