Figure 3.

Efficacy of phage cocktails in challenged larvae studies. Larvae were infected with the MDR S01160-12 S. Typhimurium strain at 10⁵ CFU/larvae and were either prophylactically treated with phage cocktails one hour prior to infection (a,c,e) or simultaneously administered phage and Salmonella (b,d,f). Figures (a,b) show survival of larvae over 72 h, boxplots (c,d) show changes in Salmonella counts and boxplots (e,f) show total phage counts of the phage cocktail. The larvae treatment groups were: healthy larvae (orange lines), larvae administered PBS (grey lines), larvae only infected with Salmonella (black lines/bars); larvae administered the cocktail SPFM10-SPFM14 (red lines/bars); larvae administered the cocktail SPFM4-SPFM10-SPFM19 (blue lines/bars); and larvae administered the cocktail SPFM2-SPFM10-SPFM14-SPFM19 (green lines/bars). Error bars in graphs (c,d) show SEM and statistically significant differences between larvae infected with Salmonella only (black bars) and treated with phages is displayed on the graphs (ns > 0.05, * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01 and *** p ≤ 0.001).