Table 4.
Results of Mixed Model ANOVAs Examining Change in Primary and Secondary Outcomes by Illness Onset Status (N = 188).
| Outcome Variable | F-Statistic (p-Value) |
|---|---|
| VAS Composite | |
| Treatment Treatment * Group |
204.57 (<0.001) 1.57 (0.212) |
| VAS 1. Energy | |
| Treatment Treatment * Group |
172.22 (<0.001) 0.26 (0.614) |
| VAS 2. Sleep | |
| Treatment Treatment * Group |
113.03 (<0.001) 2.77 (0.098) |
| VAS 3. Pain | |
| Treatment Treatment * Group |
31.47 (<0.001) 0.33 (0.567) |
| VAS 4. Well-Being | |
| Treatment Treatment * Group |
168.03 (<0.001) 2.03 (0.156) |
| VAS 5. Mental Clarity | |
| Treatment Treatment * Group |
104.74 (<0.001) 1.49 (0.224) |
| VAS 6. Stamina | |
| Treatment Treatment * Group |
103.65 (<0.001) 2.37 (0.125) |
Note: VAS: Visual Analogue Scale. Group: Onset with viral illness—yes (n = 76), no (n = 112). The “*” notation reflects “treatment times group.” This interaction term (treatment X group) provides an estimate of whether the effect of treatment in one group is statistically different from the treatment effect in another group.