Table 2.

Preliminary characteristics of various proton-conducting polysulfone based composite membranes along with their fuel cell evaluation.

Membrane	Membrane Characteristics						Fuel Cell Performance	Ref.
	WA (%)	IEC (meq. g−1)	Ionic Conductivity (S cm−1)	Methanol Permeability	Selectivity Ratio	Oxidative Stability
PSF/MOF/Si nanocomposite	16.50	0.86	0.017 @ 70°C	---	---	---	OCV: 0.90 V; PD: 40.80 mW cm−2 @ 160 °C	[67]
Crosslinked CNDs-SPPSU	134	1.67	0.0563 @ 80 °C	---	---	---	OCV: 1.0224 V @ 100% RH	[68]
SPEESSA/sulfonic acid zeolite composite	29.12	3.189	0.124	---	---	---	OCV: 0.91 V; PD: 0.45 W cm−2 @ 1.1 A cm−2	[69]
SPSU/NIMs-GO composite	34.1	1.49	0.23 @ 75 °C	---	---	---	OCV: 1.038 V; PD: 167.6 mW cm−2 @ 60 °C	[70]
SPSU-LDH composite	31	1.49	0.0137 @ 120 °C	---	---	---	PD: 204.5 mW cm−2 @ 110 °C	[71]
PSF-N-C3H6SO3H/ PSF-O-C3H6SO3H	60	2.03	0.04666	2.65 × 10−8 cm2 s−1	---	94.12% residual mass remains at 80 °C for 1 h in Fenton’s solution	---	[72]
PSU/SPANI/Nb2O5 nanocomposite	17.6	1.50	0.0674	---	---	98.6% residual mass remains in Fenton’s solution	---	[73]
PSU-g-phosphonated polystyrene/SPSU composite	23.07	---	0.0172 @ 95 °C	0.96 × 10−8 cm2 s−1	---	>95% residual mass remains at 25 °C for 120 h in Fenton’s solution	---	[79]
Phosphonated PSU	6.6	2.75	0.0003 @ 160 °C	---	---	87.7% residual mass remains for 70 h in Fenton’s solution	---	[82]
PA doped TDAP-g-PSU	---	---	0.056 @ 160 °C	---	---	---	OCV: 0.92 V; PD: 453 mW cm−2 @ 150 °C	[83]
Poly(1-vinylimidazole)-g-PSU	220.3	---	0.127 @ 160 °C	---	---	---	OCV: 0.98 V; PD: 559 mW cm−2 @ 160 °C	[84]