Table 1.

Effectiveness of telemedicine in lung diseases (reviews and meta-analyses).

Disease(s)	Outcomes	References
COPD	Reduction in emergency room visits Exacerbation-related readmissions (if TM more than 6 months) Exacerbation-related hospital days Quality of life: St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score Early detection of acute exacerbations of COPD Health-related outcomes	[25,26,27,28]
COPD	Mortality, all-cause readmissions, rate of exacerbation-related readmissions, all-cause hospital days, time to first hospital readmission, anxiety, depression, exercise capacity	[25]
COPD/asthma	Self-management (SM) SM supported by telehealth produces reduction in healthcare utilization	[25,29,30,31]
COPD	Oxygen saturation measurements utility	[32]
Asthma	Symptoms and total dose of oral prednisolone	[33]
Respiratory diseases	Utility of noninvasive portable Digital Technologies	[34]
COPD	Use of Forced expiratory volume assessed daily, resting respiratory rate, respiratory sounds, end-tidal carbon dioxide level	[28]
COPD/asthma	Adherence to therapy	[35]
Chronic Respiratory Failure	Reduction in emergency room visits, exacerbation-related readmissions, GP urgent calls, and hospitalizations	[36]