Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19-positive vs. COVID-19-negative subjects.
| Demographics | COVID-19-Positive N = 788 (12.61%) |
COVID-19-Negative N = 5462 (87.39%) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years ± SD) | 66.50 ± 12.34 | 69.74 ± 12.73 | <0.001 * | |
| Gender, N (%) | Male | 386 (48.98%) | 2332 (42.69%) | <0.001 ** |
| Female | 402 (51.02%) | 3130 (57.31%) | ||
| SES, N (%) | Low | 524 (69.13%) | 2258 (43.86%) | <0.001 ** |
| Middle-High | 234 (30.87%) | 2890 (56.14%) | ||
| Smoking, N (%) | Never | 609 (77.28%) | 4019 (73.58%) | <0.001 ** |
| Current | 60 (7.61%) | 685 (12.54%) | ||
| Past | 119 (15.10%) | 758 (13.88%) | ||
| BMI, Mean (SD) | 28.96 ± 5.32 | 28.12 ± 5.29 | <0.001 * | |
| Hemoglobin A1C, Mean (SD) | 5.85 ± 1.35 | 5.78 ± 1.22 | 0.192 * | |
| Obesity, N (%) | 277 (35.15%) | 1611 (29.49%) | <0.001 ** | |
| Diabetes Mellitus, N (%) | 348 (44.16%) | 2388 (43.72%) | 0.815 ** | |
| HTN, N (%) | 414 (52.54%) | 3244 (59.39%) | <0.001 ** | |
| IHD, N (%) | 171 (21.70%) | 1606 (29.40%) | <0.001 ** | |
| Asthma, N (%) | 63 (7.99%) | 664 (12.16%) | 0.741 ** | |
| COPD, N (%) | 113 (14.34%) | 953 (17.45%) | 0.0301 ** | |
| Malignancy, N (%) | 1 (0.13%) | 3 (0.05%) | <0.001 ** | |
| Depression, N (%) | 74 (9.39%) | 664 (12.16%) | 0.024 ** | |
| ADHD, N (%) | 21 (2.66%) | 109 (2%) | 0.218 ** | |
| Aspirin, N (%) | 193 (24.49%) | 1834 (33.58%) | <0.001 ** | |
| Statins, N (%) | 260 (32.99%) | 2359 (43.19%) | <0.001 ** | |
| ACEIs, N (%) | 160 (20.30%) | 1108 (20.29%) | 0.990 ** | |
| ARSs, N (%) | 57 (7.23%) | 632 (11.57%) | <0.001 ** | |
| Flu vaccine (2019–2020), N (%) | 304 (38.58%) | 2726 (49.91%) | <0.001 ** | |
| LAZV vaccine, N (%) | 34 (4.31%) | 591 (10.82%) | <0.001 ** | |
ADHD—Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; CVD—Cardiovascular disease; COPD—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; ACEIs—Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs—Angiotensin II receptor blockers, SES—Socioeconomic status; BMI—Body mass index, Obesity: BMI > 30. * Student’s t-test; ** Chi-squared test.