HERV-W ENV promotes synaptic proteins and regulates the PP2A/AKT1/GSK3 signal pathway: (A,B) representative Western blots for the presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins, GAPDH, and TUJ1 in the SH-SY5Y cells and the primary neurons. (C) Overexpression of HERV-W ENV in the DA neurons increased PP2A and AKT1 and regulated the downstream protein. (D) PP2A activity detected by biochemical kit assay increased in the pCMV-HERV-W ENV group in SH-SY5Y cells. (E) The PP2A was downregulated and its downstream proteins were upregulated after using LB-100 (inhibitor of PP2A) in the DA neurons. ns p > 0.05, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.