Table 2.

Example of regulators of type 1 fimbriae in ExPEC involved in stress resistance.

Regulator	Switch	FimE	FimB	Effect on Fim Expression	Reference
General and specific stress regulators
IHF	Switching on fimS			Positive or negative 1	[70]
Lrp		+/−	+/−	Positive or negative 1	[71]
H-NS		−	<37 °C: − >37 °C: +	<37 °C: Negative >37 °C: Positive	[72]
RpoS			−	Negative	[66]
LrhA		+		Negative	[73]
ppGpp			−	Negative	[67]
cAMP			−	Negative	[68]
Envelope stress
CpxR-P	Regulates the inversion		-	Negative	[74]
BarA/UvrY	Reduction of fimA	Unknown		Unknown 1	[75]
Oxidative and osmotic stress
TreA		Unknown	Unknown	Positive	[76]
YeaR		Unknown	Unknown	Positive? 1	[77]
IbeA		+ ?	+ ?	Positive? 1	[78]
YqhG		Unknown	Unknown	Positive? 1	[79]
RyfA		Unknown	Unknown	Positive? 1	[52]
Nitrosative stress
FimX		Unknown	Unknown	Positive?	[80]
Nutrient limitation and oxygenation
Pst and Pho regulon		+	−	Negative	[81]
Frz		Unknown	Unknown	Positive	[82]
Fur	Increased fimA		Unknown	Positive	[83]
Oxygenation		Unknown	Unknown	Positive	[84]
Biofilm and quorum sensing
Effect of salicylate on marA			−	Negative	[85]
QseC/B		Unknown	Unknown	Positive	[86]

¹ Putative role.