Table 2.
Changes in skin barrier function after hot and cold and water exposure, stratified by sex.
| Men (n = 20) | Women (n = 30) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water Exposure | |||||||||
| Basal | Change after Cold Water | Change after Hot Water | Basal | Change after Cold Water | Change after Hot Water | p B | p C | p H | |
| Temperature (°C) | 30.39 (2.04) |
−5.78 (0.51) |
+2.31 (0.30) |
+30.03 (1.71) |
−7.29 (0.37) |
+2.50 (0.26) |
0.523 | 0.020 | 0.647 |
| pH | 6.30 (0.43) |
+0.37 (0.37) |
+0.41 (0.10) |
+6.35 (0.34) |
+0.23 (0.06) |
0.26 (0.06) |
0.645 | 0.165 | 0.215 |
| Erythema (AU) | 278.08 (46.99) |
+10.27 (10.75) |
+31.14 (10.42) |
+230.37 (56.12) |
+0.12 (11.31) |
+40.71 (9.82) |
0.003 | 0.539 | 0.519 |
|
TEWL
(g·h−1·m−2) |
24.35 (10.88) |
+12.21 (2.45) |
+33.30 (2.36) |
26.68 (13.41) |
+7.21 (2.30) |
+32.51 (2.32) |
0.521 | 0.154 | 0.814 |
| SCH (AU) | 49.54 (16.51) |
−1.96 (2.51) |
−3.21 (2.69) |
44.80 (20.13) |
+7.74 (2.31) |
−1.50 (3.22) |
0.386 | 0.008 | 0.685 |
| TempTest Exposure | |||||||||
| Basal | Change after 4 °C TempTest | Change after 44 °C TempTest | Basal | Change after 4 °C TempTest | Change after 44 °C TempTest | p Bt | p Ct | p Ht | |
| Temperature (°C) | 31.20 (1.24) |
−5.96 (0.56) |
+1.58 (0.28) |
30.47 (1.16) |
−5.06 (0.34) |
+1.76 (0.23) |
0.038 | 0.178 | 0.624 |
| pH | 6.25 (0.39) |
+0.04 (0.03) |
−0.03 (0.03) |
6.28 (0.37) |
−0.01 (0.03) |
−0.02 (0.03) |
0.787 | 0.275 | 0.830 |
| Erythema (AU) | 239.19 (63.79) |
+7.68 (12.94) |
+13.41 (7.16) |
191.30 (51.39) |
−7.41 (8.14) |
+19.95 (6.51) |
0.008 | 0.303 | 0.512 |
|
TEWL
(g·h−1·m−2) |
7.01 (3.29) |
+1.79 (0.87) |
+2.74 (0.07) |
8.65 (3.34) |
+0.05 (0.58) |
+1.48 (0.67) |
0.092 | 0.089 | 0.216 |
| SCH (AU) | 34.21 (10.67) |
−1.69 (1.65) |
+1.99 (1.47) |
40.14 (13.91) |
+1.58 (1.30) |
+1.53 (1.79) |
0.095 | 0.841 | 0.216 |
Data is expressed as mean (standard deviation). AU, arbitrary units; SCH, stratum corneum hydration; TEWL, transepidermal water loss. Data is expressed as means (standard deviations, SD). B p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function at baseline between men and women. C p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function changes after cold water exposure between men and women. H p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function changes after hot water exposure between men and women. Bt p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function at baseline between men and women. Ct p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function changes after 4 °C TempTest exposure between men and women. Ht p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function changes after 44 °C TempTest exposure between men and women.