Table 3.
Changes in skin barrier function after hot and cold water exposure, stratified by age.
| Age < 30 (n = 28) | Age ≥ 30 (n = 22) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water Exposure | |||||||||
| Basal | Cold Water | Hot Water | Basal | Cold Water | Hot Water | p B | p C | p H | |
| Temperature ( °C) | 30.02 (1.80) |
−5.99 (0.41) |
+2.60 (0.26) |
30.37 (1.90) |
−7.57 (0.44) |
+2.20 (0.30) |
0.507 | 0.322 | 0.012 |
| pH | 6.29 (0.43) |
+0.38 (0.07) |
+0.39 (0.07) |
6.37 (0.30) |
+0.18 (0.06) |
+0.24 (0.08) |
0.406 | 0.153 | 0.040 |
| Erythema (AU) | 266.49 (40.45) |
+2.66 (8.33) |
+35.18 (8.74) |
227.88 (68.29) |
+6.11 (14.99) |
+39.05 (12.16) |
0.026 | 0.792 | 0.833 |
| TEWL (g·h−1·m−2) | 25.36 (12.14) |
+10.79 (2.06) |
+33.75 (2.06) |
26.25 (12.99) |
+7.20 (2.02) |
+31.65 (2.63) |
0.804 | 0.528 | 0.302 |
| SCH (AU) | 53.62 (18.46) |
+1.75 (2.52) |
−5.91 (3.09) |
37.87 (15.33) |
+6.55 (2.61) |
+2.56 (2.85) |
0.002 | 0.055 | 0.196 |
| TempTest exposure | |||||||||
| Basal | 4 °C TempTest | 44 °C TempTest | Basal | 4 °C TempTest | 44 °C TempTest | p Bt | p Ct | p Ht | |
| Temperature (°C) | 30.89 (1.12) |
−5.68 (0.48) |
+1.75 (0.25) |
30.59 (1.38) |
−5.21 (0.39) |
+1.64 (0.25) |
0.399 | 0.778 | 0.446 |
| pH | 6.25 (0.39) |
−0.03 (0.03) |
−0.02 (0.03) |
6.28 (0.36) |
−0.05 (0.03) |
−0.02 (0.04) |
0.803 | 0.936 | 0.065 |
| Erythema (AU) | 228.80 (59.38) |
−5.10 (9.42) |
+19.43 (7.66) |
187.10 (55.56) |
+1.54 (10.45) |
+15.69 (6.26) |
0.015 | 0.705 | 0.648 |
| TEWL (g·h−1·m−2) | 7.21 (2.39) |
−0.08 (0.87) |
+2.50 (0.82) |
8.99 (4.19) |
+1.40 (0.57) |
+1.57 (0.62) |
0.087 | 0.359 | 0.163 |
| SCH (AU) | 34.76 (10.53) |
+1.20 (1.68) |
+0.97 (2.04) |
41.59 (14.85) |
+2.18 (1.13) |
−0.32 (1.63) |
0.063 | 0.618 | 0.621 |
Data is expressed as mean (standard deviations). AU, arbitrary units; SCH, stratum corneum hydration; TEWL, transepidermal water loss. Data is expressed as means (standard deviations, SD). B p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function at baseline between <30 and ≥30 years old. C p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function after cold water exposure between <30 and ≥30 years old. H p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function after hot water exposure between <30 and ≥30 years old. Bt p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function at baseline between <30 and ≥30 years old. Ct p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function after 4 °C TempTest exposure between <30 and ≥30 years old. Ht p-value after using Student’s t-test for independent samples to compare skin barrier function after 44 °C TempTest exposure between <30 and ≥30 years old.