Table 1.
Clinical characterization of the study population 1.
| Clinical Variable | Healthy | MetS | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (M:F) | 466 (188:278) | 582 (340:242) | - |
| Age (years) | 50.01 ± 0.73 | 60.71 ± 0.48 | <0.05 |
| Weight (Kg) | 70.45 ± 0.75 | 83.10 ± 0.74 | <0.05 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.33 ± 0.64 | 105.96 ± 0.55 | <0.05 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.25 ± 0.24 | 30.07 ± 0.23 | <0.05 |
| Sistolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.68 ± 0.68 | 134.35 ± 0.66 | <0.05 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.02 ± 0.46 | 80.45 ± 0.42 | NS |
| Platelet count (106/μL) | 240.52 ± 2.86 | 232.42 ± 2.75 | NS |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.69 ± 0.07 | 13.95 ± 0.07 | NS |
| WBC (103/µL) | 5.92 ± 0.08 | 6.90 ± 0.08 | NS |
| Monocytes (%) | 6.21 ± 0.07 | 6.38 ± 0.07 | NS |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 32.83 ± 0.35 | 31.03 ± 0.32 | NS |
| Neutrophils (%) | 57.64 ± 0.38 | 59.28 ± 0.34 | NS |
| Basophils (%) | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.56 ± 0.02 | NS |
| Eosinophils (%) | 2.65 ± 0.08 | 2.76 ± 0.08 | NS |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 86.95 ± 0.55 | 117.97 ± 1.66 | <0.05 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 35.10 ± 0.37 | 46.61 ± 0.66 | <0.05 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.93 ± 1.69 | 179.16 ± 1.96 | NS |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 59.77 ± 0.64 | 47.09 ± 0.58 | <0.05 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 111.13 ± 1.49 | 100.10 ± 1.49 | NS |
| TG (mg/dL) | 90.30 ± 1.74 | 158.88 ± 3.66 | <0.05 |
| AST (U/I) | 22.94 ± 0.44 | 25.55 ± 0.53 | NS |
| ALT (U/I) | 28.89 ± 0.64 | 34.95 ± 0.97 | NS |
| ALP (U/I) | 69.14 ± 1.09 | 73.51 ± 1.17 | NS |
| GGT (U/I) | 28.81 ± 1.19 | 39.59 ± 1.65 | <0.05 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.78 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.01 | NS |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.09 ± 0.06 | 4.89 ± 0.07 | NS |
| 25-OH vitamin D(ng/mL) | 24.54 ± 0.47 | 19.00 ± 0.37 | <0.05 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.31 ± 0.04 | 7.31 ± 0.02 | NS |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.44 ± 0.02 | 4.41 ± 0.02 | NS |
| ESR (mm/h) | 14.81 ± 0.67 | 20.06 ± 0.79 | NS |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 3.71 ± 0.16 | 4.2 ± 0.21 | NS |
| TSH (mUI/L) | 1.82 ± 0.08 | 2.08 ± 0.09 | NS |
| FT3 (pg/mL) | 2.85 ± 0.03 | 2.77 ± 0.03 | NS |
| FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.05 ± 0.02 | 1.05 ± 0.01 | NS |
| Cardiovascular risk (Framingham) | 9.74 ± 0.54 | 29.24 ± 0.79 | <0.05 |
| HOMA index ratio | 1.91 ± 0.10 | 3.88 ± 0.23 | <0.05 |
1 Data are presented as mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean). BMI Body Mass Index, WBC White Blood Cell Count, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, Hs-CRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein, TSH thyrotropin, FT3 tri-iodothyronine, FT4 thyroxine.