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. 2022 Jan 8;20(1):58. doi: 10.3390/md20010058

Table 1.

Antitumor marine xanthones.

Name Activity Source Ref.
Engyodontiumone B (1) U937 (IC50 = 55.5 µM); Hela (IC50 = 96.1 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 = 172.3 µM); HepG2 (IC50 = 73.8 µM); Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)		 Engyodontium album (DFFSCS02) isolated from sediment collected in the South China Sea [28]
Sydowinin A (2) U937 (IC50 = 75.6 µM); Hela (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); HepG2 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)
Sydowinin B (3) U937 (IC50 = 127.0 µM); Hela (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); HepG2 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)
2,6-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-9-oxoxanthene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester (4) HEp-2 (IC50 = 8 µg mL−1);
HepG2 (IC50 = 9 µg mL−1)		 Endophytic fungus (SK7RN3G1) isolated from mangrove collected in the South China Sea [29]
Monodictyxanthone (5) Hepa-1c1c7(Cyp1A inhibition (IC50 = 34.8 ± 7.4 µM); NAD(P)H:quinone reductase induction (CD ≥ 50 (1.4) µM, IC50 ≥ 50 µM) Monodictys putredinis isolated from the inner tissue of a green alga collected at Tenerife [30]
8-Hydroxy-6-methylxanthone-1-carboxylic acid (6) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (71.3 ± 1.2%); C4-2B (60.7 ± 5.1%);
RWPE-1 (19.7 ± 4.9%)		 Cladosporium halotolerans (GXIMD 02502) isolated from a coral collected in Beibu Gulf [31]
Methyl 8-hydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1- carboxylate (7) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (55.8 ± 3.0%); C4-2B (8.1 ± 20.6%);
RWPE-1 (5.3 ± 3.1%)
Methyl 8-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (8) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (68.1 ± 1.9%); C4-2B (20.2 ± 0.1%);
RWPE-1 (19.0 ± 8.5%)
Vertixanthone (9) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (27.1 ± 6.9%); C4-2B (−0.1 ± 4.6%);
RWPE-1 (25.0 ± 7.9%)
8-(Methoxycarbonyl)-1-hydroxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-3-carboxylic acid (10) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (63.9 ± 2.2%); C4-2B (12.2 ± 5.2%);
RWPE-1 (27.0 ± 5.1%)
3,8-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1-carboxylate (11) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (82.1 ± 0.9%); C4-2B (77.7 ± 0.5%);
RWPE-1 (11.5 ± 1.5%)
Conioxanthone A (12) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (36.8 ± 13.3%); C4-2B (3.3 ± 11.3%);
RWPE-1 (20.3 ± 9.0%)
Questin (13) A549 (IC50 = 40.0 ± 0.3 µM);
HepG2 (IC50 = 42.2 ± 0.5 µM);
HeLa (IC50 = 36.2 ± 0.9 µM)		 Aspergillus sydowii (C1-S01-A7) collected in the West Pacific Ocean [32]
Penixanacid A (14) HeLa (IC50 = 10.0 µM); BEL-7402 (IC50 = 30.6 µM); HEK-293 (IC50 = 28.5 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 19.0 µM); A-549 (IC50 = 16.9 µM) Penicillium chrysogenum (HND11-24) isolated from a mangrove [33]
Norlichexanthone (17) K562 (IC50 = 74.6 μM); A549 (IC50 = 64.6 μM);
Huh-7 (IC50 >30 μM); H1975 (IC50 = 79.1 μM);
MCF-7 (IC50 = 56.7 μM); U937 (IC50 > 30 μM);
BGC823 (IC50 = 697.6 μM); HL-60 (IC50 > 30 μM); MOLT-4 (IC50 = 135.4 μM); Hela (IC50 = 7.2 μM)		 Stachybotry sp. (ZSDS1F1-2) isolated from a sponge collected at Xisha Island [34]
Yicathin C (18) A549 (IC50 = 37.7 ± 0.3 µM) Aspergillus sydowii (C1-S01-A7) collected in the West Pacific Ocean [32]
A375-C5 (IC50 = 48.70 ± 4.24 µM); MCF-7 (IC50 = 98.93 ± 9.83 µM); NCI-H460 (IC50 = 79.83 ± 18.45 µM) Aspergillus wentii isolated from Gymnogongrus flabelliformis collected at Pingtan Island [4]
Yicathin B (19) A375-C5 (IC50 = 47.70 ± 2.62 µM); MCF-7 (IC50 = 73.92 ± 2.28 µM); NCI-H460 (IC50 = 86.21 ± 2.30 µM)
2-Hydroxy-6-formyl-vertixanthone (23) HepG2 (IC50 = 32.7 ± 0.9 µM) Aspergillus sydowii (C1-S01-A7) collected in the West Pacific Ocean [32]
12-O-Acetyl-sydowinin A (24) A549 (IC50 = 25.2 ± 0.9 µM); HepG2 (IC50 = 42.3 ± 0.6 µM); HeLa (IC50 = 33.6 ± 0.7 µM)
Emodin (25) HeLa (IC50 = 27.1 ± 0.8 µM)
Engyodontiumone H (50) U937 (IC50 = 4.9 µM); Hela (IC50 = 24.8 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 = 38.5 µM); HepG2 (IC50 = 60.5 µM);
Huh7 (IC50 = 53.3 µM)		 Engyodontium album (DFFSCS021) from isolated sediment collected in the South China Sea [28]
Engyodontiumone C (51) U937 (IC50 = 218.4 µM); Hela (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); HepG2 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)
Engyodontiumone D (52) U937 (IC50 = 208.6 µM); Hela (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); HepG2 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)
Engyodontiumone E (53) U937 (IC50 = 15.9 µM); Hela (IC50 = 205.9 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); HepG2 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)
Engyodontiumone F (54) U937 (IC50 = 192.7 µM); Hela (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); HepG2 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)
Engyodontiumone G (55) U937 (IC50 = 287.2 µM); Hela (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM); HepG2 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM);
Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 300 µM)
Globosuxanthone A (56) HCT-15 (IC50 = 10.7 µM); T-cell leukemia Jurkat cells (IC50 = 2.3 µM) Beauveria bassiana (TPU942) isolated from a piece of an unidentified sponge collected at Iriomote Island [35]
Monodictysin A (57) Hepa-1c1c7(Cyp1A inhibition IC50 ≥ 50 µM); NAD(P)H:quinone reductase induction (CD = 191.1 µM, IC50 ≥ 400 µM) Monodictys putredinis isolated from the inner tissue of a green alga collected at Tenerife [30]
Monodictysin B (58) Hepa-1c1c7(Cyp1A inhibition IC50 = 23.3 ± 3.9 µM); NAD(P)H:quinone reductase induction (CD = 12.0 ± 4.8 µM, IC50 ≥ 50 µM)
Monodictysin C (59) Hepa-1c1c7(Cyp1A inhibition IC50 = 3.0 ± 0.7 µM); NAD(P)H:quinone reductase induction (CD = 12.8 ± 2.6 µM, IC50 ≥ 50 µM)
α-Diversonolic ester (60) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (28.8 ± 10.3%); C4-2B (12.9 ± 12.6%); RWPE-1 (24.3 ± 3.3%) Cladosporium halotolerans (GXIMD 02502) isolated from a coral collected in Beibu Gulf [31]
β-Diversonolic ester (61) % Inhibitions on the cell proliferation at 10 μM: 22RV1 (40.2 ± 1.5%); C4-2B (2.8 ± 2.2%); RWPE-1 (10.3 ± 3.8%)
Penixanthone A (62) Weak cytotoxicity against H1975, MCF-7, K562, HL7702 at concentration of 30 μM. Penicillium sp. (SYFz-1) isolated from a mangrove sample [36]
AGI-B4 (64) K562 (IC50 = 6.97 µM); MCF-7 (IC50 = 11.7 µM); HeLa (IC50 = 1.39 µM); DU145 (IC50 = 2.69 µM); U937 (IC50 = 0.463 µM); H1975 (IC50 = 8.53 µM); SGC-7901 (IC50 = 9.43 µM); A549 (IC50 = 7.01 µM); MOLT-4 (IC50 = 5.26 µM); HL-60 (IC50 = 6.20 µM) Aspergillus sp. (SCSIO Ind09F01) [37]
U937 (IC50 = 8.8 µM); Hela (IC50 = 60.0 µM);
MCF-7 (IC50 = 102.2 µM); HepG2 (IC50 = 52.7 µM); Huh7 (IC50 = 133.3 µM)		 Engyodontium album (DFFSCS021) isolated from sediment collected in the South China Sea [28]
L5178Y (IC50 = 1.5 µM) Scopulariopsis sp. isolated from solid rice cultures obtained from the Red Sea hard coral Stylophora sp. [38]
Versicone G (67) NB4 (IC50 = 15.6 µM); HL-60 (IC50 = 21.7 µM); HeLa (IC50 = 16.9 µM) Aspergillus versicolor (HDN11-84) isolated from mangrove [39]
Paeciloxanthone (68) HepG2 (IC50 = 1.08 µg mL−1) Paecilomyces sp. isolated from mangrove collected in the Taiwan Strait [40]
Chaetoxanthone A (78) L6-cells (IC50 = 59.1 μg/mL) Chaetomium sp. isolated from the Greek alga collected at Santorini Island. [41]
Chaetoxanthone B (79) L6-cells (IC50 > 90 μg/mL)
Chaetoxanthone C (80) L6-cells (IC50 = 46.7 μg/mL)
Sterigmatocystin (81) Bel-7402 (IC50 = 96.53 µg mL−1); NCIH-460 (IC50 = 72.52 µg mL−1) Fungal strain (isolate 1850) isolated from a leaf of Kandelia candel collected in Hong Kong [42]
A-549 (IC50 = 1.86 µg mL−1); SK-OV-3 (IC50 = 2.53 µg mL−1); SK-MEL-2 (IC50 = 1.22 µg mL−1); XF- 498 (IC50 = 2.75 µg mL−1); HCT-15 (IC50 = 4.61 µg mL−1) Aspergillus versicolor isolated from Petrosia sp. [43]
A-549 (IC50 = 11.25 μg mL−1); SK-OV-3 (IC50 = 17.36 μg mL−1); SK-MEL-2 (IC50 = 14.33 μg mL−1); XF-498 (IC50 = 15.12 μg mL−1); HCT-15 (IC50 ≥ 30 μg mL−1) Aspergillus versicolor [44]
Aspergixanthone A (82) A-549 (IC50 = 1.8 µM) Aspergillus sp. (ZA-01) isolated from sediment collected in the Bohai Sea [45]
Aspergixanthone C (83) MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 3.3 µM); MCF-7 (IC50 = 2.8 µM); MGC-803 (IC50 = 3.6 µM); HeLa (IC50 = 2.9 µM); A-549 (IC50 = 3.2 µM)
Aspergixanthone F (84) MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 9.8 µM); MCF-7 (IC50 = 2.7 µM); MGC-803 (IC50 = 3.6 µM); HeLa (IC50 = 1.7 µM); A-549 (IC50 = 1.1 µM)
5-Methoxysterigmatocystin (85) A-549 (IC50 = 3.86 µM); HL-60 (IC50 = 5.32 µM) Aspergillus versicolor [46]
Epiremisporine B (121) K562 (IC50 = 16.6 µM); MCF-7(IC50 = 16.3 µM); SGC7901 (IC50 = 15.8 µM) Penicillium sp. (SCSIO Ind16F01) isolated from a deep-sea sediment collected in the Indian Ocean [47]
Dicerandrol C (122) MDA-MB-435 (IC50 = 44.10 ± 2.45 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 42.63 ± 2.90 µM); Calu-3 (IC50 = 36.52 ± 3.32 µM); Huh7 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); MCF-10A (IC50 = 33.05 ± 2.74 µM) Phomopsis sp. (HNY29-2B) isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius collected in the South China Sea [48]
Secalonic acid D (123) PANC-1 Glucose (−) (IC50 = 0.6 µM); PANC-1 Glucose (+) (IC50 ≥ 1000 µM) Penicilliumoxalicum (16A08-1-1) isolated from a sponge collected at Pramuka Island [49]
U87 MG (IC50 = 5.64 µM); NCI-H1650 (IC50 = 4.93 µM); HT29 (IC50 = 1.46 µM)A498 (IC50 = 8.88 µM); HL-60 (IC50 = 0.41 µM) Penicillium chrysogenum (HLS111) isolated from a sponge [50]
SK- HEP (IC50 = 1.504 µM); Hela (IC50 = 1.322 µM); A549 (IC50 = 1.625 µM); SK-MES-1 (IC50 = 1.314 µM); SPC-A1 (IC50 = 1.679 µM); 95D (IC50 = 1.003 µM); Jeko-1 (IC50 = 0.915 µM); Raji (IC50 = 0.955 µM); U937 (IC50 = 1.119 µM); A375 (IC50 = 1.598 µM); HFF (IC50 = 24.1 µM); H22 (IC50 = 1.007µM) Penicilliumoxalicum isolated from sediments collected on the southeast coastal region of China [51]
Versixanthone G (124) HL-60 (IC50 = 13.4 µM); K562 (IC50 = 20.9 µM); A549 (IC50 = 17.8 µM); H1975 (IC50 = 9.8 µM); MGC803 (IC50 = 4.6 µM); HEK293 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HO-8910 (IC50 = 9.6 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 16.2 µM) Aspergillus versicolor isolated from mangrove [52]
Versixanthone H (125) HL-60 (IC50 = 6.9 µM); K562 (IC50 = 22.1 µM); A549 (IC50 = 19.2 µM); H1975 (IC50 = 5.3 µM); MGC803 (IC50 = 6.2 µM); HEK293 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HO-8910 (IC50 = 6.9 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 15.2 µM)
Versixanthone I (126) HL-60 (IC50 = 27.8 µM); K562 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); A549 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); H1975 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); HEK293 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HO-8910 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM)
Versixanthone J (127) HL-60 (IC50 = 47.3 µM); K562 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); A549 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); H1975 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); HEK293 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HO-8910 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM)
Versixanthone K (128) HL-60 (IC50 = 49.5 µM); K562 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); A549 (IC50 ≥ 50.0µM); H1975 (IC50 = 49.5 µM); MGC803 (IC50 ≥ 50.0µM); HEK293 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HO-8910 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 ≥ 50.0 µM)
Versixanthone L (129) HL-60 (IC50 = 0.5 µM); K562 (IC50 = 1.1 µM); A549 (IC50 = 1.6 µM); MGC803 (IC50 = 1.1 µM); HO-8910 (IC50 = 1.5 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 1.2 µM)
Versixanthone M (130) HL-60 (IC50 = 0.9 µM); K562 (IC50 = 0.4 µM); A549 (IC50 = 11.7 µM); H1975 (IC50 = 3.5 µM); MGC803 (IC50 = 0.9 µM); HO-8910 (IC50 = 1.4 µM); line HCT-116 (IC50 = 0.5 µM)
Citreamicin ε A (131) HeLa (IC50 = 0.032 ± 0.0062 µM); HepG2 (IC50 = 0.079 ± 0.031 µM) Streptomyces caelestis collected on the coastal water of the Red Sea [53]
Citreamicin ε B (132) HeLa (IC50 = 0.031 ± 0.0081 µM); HepG2 (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.0053 µM)
Acredinone C (133) Inhibited the RANKL- induced formation of TRAP+-MNCs in a dose-dependent manner without any cytotoxicity up to 10 μM Acremonium sp. isolated from the inner tissue of Suberites japonicas [54]
Phomolactonexanthone A (134) Calu-3 (IC50 = 43.45 ± 2.51 µM) Phomopsis sp. (HNY29-2B) isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius collected in the South China Sea [48]
Deacetylphomoxanthone C (135) HCT-116 (IC50 = 44.06 ± 3.29 µM); Calu-3 (IC50 = 43.35 ± 2.09µM)
Dicerandrol A (136) MDA-MB-435 (IC50 = 3.03 ± 0.12 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 2.64 ± 0.03 µM); Calu-3 (IC50 = 1.76 ± 0.02 µM); Huh7 (IC50 = 4.19 ± 0.08 µM); MCF-10A (IC50 = 28.32 ± 3.57µM)
Dicerandrol B (137) MDA-MB-435 (IC50 = 8.65 ± 0.66 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 3.94 ± 0.39µM); Calu-3 (IC50 = 4.10 ± 0.08 µM); Huh7 (IC50 = 30.37 ± 1.10 µM); MCF-10A (IC50 = 8.14 ± 1.27 µM)
Deacetylphomoxanthone B (138) MDA-MB-435 (IC50 = 14.40 ± 1.18 µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 7.12 ± 0.70 µM); Calu-3 (IC50 = 4.14 ± 0.02 µM); Huh7 (IC50 = 29.20 ± 1.19 µM)
Penexanthone A (139) MDA-MB-435 (IC50 = 7.90 ± 0.58µM); HCT-116 (IC50 = 6.92 ± 0.38 µM); Calu-3 (IC50 = 6.44 ± 0.86 µM); Huh7 (IC50 = 42.82 ± 3.58 µM); MCF-10A (IC50 = 16.13 ± 1.57 µM)
4,4′-bond Secalonic acid D (140) SK- HEP (IC50 = 1.342 µM); Hela (IC50 = 0.827 µM); A549 (IC50 = 1.353 µM); SK-MES-1 (IC50 = 0.640 µM); SPC-A1 (IC50 = 1.205 µM); 95D (IC50 = 0.978 µM); Jeko-1 (IC50 = 0.705 µM); Raji (IC50 = 0.484 µM); U937 (IC50 = 0.960 µM); A375 (IC50 = 1.085 µM); HFF (IC50 = 26.6 µM); H22 (IC50 = 1.211 µM) Penicilliumoxalicum isolated from sediments collected on the southeast coastal region of China [51]
Phomoxanthone A (141) HL-60 (cytotoxic at 0.1 to 0.01 μg mL−1) Phomopsis longicolla isolated from Bostrychia radicans [55]
JBIR-97 (142/143) HeLa (IC50 = 11 µM); ACC-MESO-1 (IC50 = 31 µM) Tritirachium sp. (SpB081112MEf2) isolated from Pseudoceratina purpurea collected at Ishigaki Island [56]
JBIR-98 (142/143) HeLa (IC50 = 17 µM); ACC-MESO-1 (IC50 = 63 µM)
JBIR-99 (144) HeLa (IC50 = 17 µM); ACC-MESO-1 (IC50 = 59 µM)
Buanmycin (156) A549 (IC50 = 1.7 µM); HCT116 (IC50 = 0.9 µM); SNU638 (IC50 = 0.8 µM); SK-HEP1 (IC50 = 1.9 µM); MDA-MB231 (IC50 = 1.2 µM) Streptomyces sp. isolated from a tidal mudflat collected in Buan [57]
A549 (IC50 = 0.8 µM); HeLa (IC50 = 0.9 µM) Streptomyces sp. (HGMA004) isolated from a mudflat collected at Uki [58]
Chrysoxanthone A (162) U87 MG (IC50 = 22.6 µM); NCI-H1650 (IC50 = 42.2 µM); HT29 (IC50 = 41.8 µM); A498 (IC50 = 28.5 µM); HL-60 (IC50 = 37.2 µM) Penicillium chrysogenum (HLS111) isolated from a sponge [50]
Chrysoxanthone B (163) U87 MG (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); NCI-H1650 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HT29 (IC50 = 30.8 µM); A498 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HL-60 (IC50 = 16.2 µM)
Chrysoxanthone C (164) U87 MG (IC50 = 47.0 µM); NCI-H1650 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HT29 (IC50 = 43.2 µM); A498 (IC50 ≥ 50 µM); HL-60 (IC50 = 22.7 µM)
Ukixanthomycin A (165) A549 (IC50 ≥ 200 µM); HeLa (IC50 ≥ 200 µM) Streptomyces sp. (HGMA004) isolated from a mudflat collected at Uki [58]

IC50: half maximum inhibitory concentration; CD: concentration required to double quinone reductase specific activity.